WORKING MEMORY AND PHONOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION

语言对我们日常生活的许多方面都至关重要。 语言的一个核心方面是将环境刺激转化为内部的语音表征，新单词的学习部分需要将新的语音表征编码到长期记忆中。 本实验将使用事件相关功能性磁共振成像技术来研究工作记忆、语音表征和记忆编码之间的相互作用。 这些研究将检验有关语音回路（一种工作记忆系统）在新语音形式的表征和编码中的作用的假设。此外，这些研究将确定语音回路的哪些子成分-发音机制，语音表征和记忆形成。 第一个具体的目的是测试是否大脑区域subserving的语音环左下前额叶（LIPC）和左大脑外侧裂周（LPSC）皮质差异支持新的语音表示的产生。 实验1将通过研究与语音熟悉度参数变化（从高到中，再到低）的刺激处理相关的大脑激活来解决这个目标。 第二个具体的目的是测试的假设，语音回路差异有助于形成长期记忆的新的语音表征，这些贡献具体反映了语音回路的发音子组件的操作。 实验2将探讨这一目标，通过检查是否在LIPC和LPSC激活的程度在语音形式的处理预测是否形式将被记住或忘记，以及这些随后的记忆效果是否更大的语音形式的新奇增加。实验3将通过将专门针对发音子成分的词长操作与随后的记忆范式相结合来进一步解决这一目标，以探索语音回路对记忆编码的贡献是否差异性地反映发音机制的操作。 以往的研究表明，工作记忆的语言功能，语音回路可能有助于新词的学习。 这些研究将为支持语音语言操作的解剖和认知结构以及这些操作与长期学习的关系提供新的信息。 因此，他们将提供一个基础，为以后的研究与语言障碍的个人，并应有助于知识，进一步完善康复工作。

Language is fundamentally important for many aspects of our day- to-day functioning. A central aspect of language concerns the translation of environmental stimuli into internal phonological representations, with new word learning partially requiring the encoding of novel phonological representations into long-term memory. The proposed experiments will use event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine interactions between working memory, phonological representation, and memory encoding. These studies will test hypotheses regarding the role of the phonological loop-a working memory system-in the representation and encoding of novel phonological forms. Moreover, These studies will determine which of the sub- components of the phonological loop-the articulatory mechanism, the phonological representation and memory formation. The first specific aim is to test whether brain regions subserving the phonological loop-left inferior prefrontal (LIPC) and left perisylvian (LPSC) cortices-differentially support the generation of novel phonological representations. Experiment 1 will address this aim by examining brain activation associated with the processing of stimuli that parametrically vary in phonological familiarity (from high, to moderate, to low). The second specific aim is to test the hypotheses that the phonological loop differentially contributes to the formation of long-term memory for novel phonological representations, and that these contributions specifically reflect the operations of the articulatory sub-component of the phonological loop. Experiment 2 will address this aim by examining whether the magnitude of activation in LIPC and LPSC during the processing of phonological forms predicts whether the forms will be later remembered or forgotten, and whether these subsequent memory effects are greater as the novelty of the phonological forms increases. Experiment 3 will further address this aim by combining a word- length manipulation, designed to specifically target the articulatory sub-component, with a subsequent memory paradigm to explore whether phonological-loop contributions to memory encoding differentially reflect the operation of the articulatory mechanism. Previous research has indicated that working memory operations for language function, with the phonological loop perhaps contributing to novel word learning. The proposed studies will provide new information about the anatomic and cognitive architectures supporting phonological language operations and the relation of these operations to long-term learning. As such, they will provide a foundation for subsequent studies with language impaired individuals, and should contribute knowledge towards further refinement of rehabilitation efforts.