Media Multitasking, Attention, and Memory.

媒体多任务处理、注意力和记忆力。

• 批准号: 8458914
• 负责人: Anthony D Wagner
• 金额: $ 23.55万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-20 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8458914
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Chronic; Clinical; Cognition; Dorsal; Environment; Event; Exhibits; Failure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Light; Measures; Medial; Memory; Mental Health; Neurocognitive; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Outcome; Pattern; Population; Prevalence; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Rest; Role; Schizophrenia; Stream; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; base; clinical application; cognitive function; distraction; experience; forgetting; indexing; innovation; insight; memory encoding; multitask; novel; performance tests; programs; relating to nervous system; remediation; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Information gating-the ability to filter out task-irrelevant information-is central to a broad range of cognition. Individuals vary in their ability o gate distracting information, and this difference relates to differences in goal- directed behavior and memory. Recent evidence indicates that one factor that correlates with the ability to gate distractors is individual differences in chronic multitasking behavior with media ('media multitasking'). Relative to individuals who engage less frequently with multiple streams of media in daily life, heavy media multitaskers (HMMs) appear more susceptible to distractors, whether external (from the environment) or internal (from memory). Given the rising prevalence of media multitasking (MM) behavior, it is increasingly important to understand the relationship between MM behavior and neurocognitive function. To this end, we aim to (a) delineate the relationship between MM behavior, filtering ability, and neural function, and (b) examine whether poor information gating gives rise to positive and negative consequences for memory. We will use task-based and resting-state fMRI to test the hypothesis that decreased distractor filtering in HMMs relative to light MMs (LMMs) relates to differential engagement of bottom-up and top-down attention networks, as well as differences in large-scale connectivity within and between these networks. We will examine how distraction affects memory for task-relevant and irrelevant information, and we will relate differences in memory outcomes to differences in neural activation during distraction (using univariate and multivoxel pattern analyses [MVPA]) and during rest (measuring large-scale network coherence). Aim 1 will examine MM-related differences in perceptual filtering and the consequences for memory, testing the hypotheses that (a) MM-related differences in gating irrelevant perceptual information are associated with differential functioning of the dorsal (top-down) and ventral (bottom-up) frontoparietal attention networks, and (b) these differences impact memory encoding of task-relevant and irrelevant information, as expressed by later remembering or forgetting. Aim 2 will examine MM-related differences in mnemonic filtering and the consequences for the ability to generalize knowledge across events, testing the hypothesis that one benefit of failures to gate distracting internal representations may be increased across-event generalization, because reinstatement of 'distracting' memories may support the building of integrated representations of overlapping experiences. In addition to informing neurocognitive theories of attention, memory, and attention-memory interactions, the proposed research has significant mental health relevance as it will provide some of the first evidence bearing on whether and how media multitasking relates to the function of large-scale neural systems of attention and memory. Moreover, by advancing understanding of the relationship between multitasking behavior and attention, the proposed research may prove informative for assessment and intervention in clinical conditions of attention, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The prevalence of media multitasking has markedly increased in recent years, raising public health questions about potential consequences for cognitive and neural function. This innovative research program will provide critical evidence addressing the relationship between media multitasking behavior and the function of neural systems of attention and memory. By addressing this important but under-explored issue, the planned research will also yield new insights into interactions between attention and memory, which may inform strategies for assessment and remediation of attention deficits in clinical populations, such as ADHD and schizophrenia.

描述（由申请人提供）：信息门控-过滤掉与任务无关的信息的能力-是广泛认知的核心。不同的个体在屏蔽干扰信息的能力上存在差异，这种差异与目标导向行为的差异有关 和记忆最近的证据表明，一个因素，与门分心的能力是个体差异的慢性多任务处理行为与媒体（媒体多任务处理）。相对于那些在日常生活中不太频繁地接触多种媒体流的人，重度媒体多任务处理者（Hyndrome）似乎更容易受到干扰，无论是外部（来自环境）还是内部（来自记忆）。鉴于媒体多任务（MM）行为的日益流行，了解MM行为和神经认知功能之间的关系变得越来越重要。为此，我们的目标是（a）描绘MM行为，过滤能力和神经功能之间的关系，和（B）检查是否穷人的信息门控引起积极和消极的后果记忆。我们将使用基于任务的和静息状态的功能磁共振成像来检验这一假设，即相对于轻度注意力网络（LIPH），HIPH中分心物过滤的减少与自下而上和自上而下的注意力网络的差异参与有关，以及这些网络内部和之间的大规模连接的差异。我们将研究分心如何影响任务相关和不相关信息的记忆，我们将把记忆结果的差异与分心期间（使用单变量和多体素模式分析[MVPA]）和休息期间（测量大规模网络一致性）的神经激活差异联系起来。目的1将研究MM相关的感知过滤差异和记忆的后果，检验以下假设：（a）MM相关的门控无关感知信息的差异与背侧皮层的差异功能有关。（自上而下）和腹侧（自下而上）额顶叶注意网络，以及（B）这些差异影响任务相关和不相关信息的记忆编码，如后来的记忆或遗忘。目标2将检查记忆过滤的MM相关差异和跨事件概括知识的能力的后果，测试假设失败的一个好处门分散注意力的内部表示可能会增加跨事件概括，因为恢复“分散注意力”的记忆可能会支持建立重叠经验的综合表示。除了为注意力、记忆力和注意力-记忆相互作用的神经认知理论提供信息外，这项研究还具有重要的心理健康相关性，因为它将提供有关媒体多任务处理是否以及如何与大规模注意力和记忆神经系统功能相关的首批证据。此外，通过推进多任务行为和注意力之间的关系的理解，拟议的研究可能会被证明为评估和干预临床条件的注意力，如注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和精神分裂症。 公共卫生关系：近年来，媒体多任务处理的流行率显著增加，引发了关于认知和神经功能潜在后果的公共卫生问题。这项创新的研究计划将提供关键证据，解决媒体多任务处理行为与注意力和记忆神经系统功能之间的关系。通过解决这一重要但未充分探索的问题，计划中的研究还将对注意力和记忆之间的相互作用产生新的见解，这可能为临床人群（如ADHD和精神分裂症）的注意力缺陷评估和补救策略提供信息。