Cryogenics systems for the development of a THz-driven electron injector and linac

研究人员已经开发出利用激光产生的太赫兹（THz）脉冲加速和条纹相对论电子束的技术。这些技术和基本概念的目标是应用于超快电子束时间控制和高梯度加速，同时保持束流质量，这是未来高能加速器技术的重要组成部分。该计划已经建立了世界领先地位，并处于一个新的和迅速发展的领域的最前沿。我们是第一个证明完全相对论性束加速的人[1]，我们最近的2022年结果已经证明了传统相对论性直线加速器所执行的所有基本功能，但频率要高两个数量级;分级，加速;通过分阶段加速进行能量扩散控制;以及20 MV/m的场梯度，与运行加速器设施相当。在这笔赠款的支持下，现在可以实现超过200 MV/m的加速梯度。在开发利用太赫兹加速相对论光束的同时，Cockcroft研究所计划已经建立了太赫兹驱动的“注入器”的设施和概念，第一阶段的能量从光阴极到相对论能量。所需的资本设备，两个闭合循环低温恒温器系统，需要用于冷却PP-LiNbO 3太赫兹源。将低温冷却THz源集成到我们现有的研究计划中将确保我们保持在快速发展领域的最前沿。我们将很好地证明集成太赫兹驱动加速器的能力，具有前所未有的飞秒电子束加速和控制能力，以及超过传统RF加速器的加速梯度。

The investigators have developed technologies for the acceleration and streaking of relativistic electron beams with laser-derived terahertz (THz) pulses. These technologies, and the underlying concepts, have been targeted at application for ultrafast electron beam temporal control, and high-gradient acceleration with beam quality preservation that is an essential part of future high-energy accelerator technologies. The programme has already established world leading status, and is placed at the forefront of a new and rapidly developing area. We were the first to demonstrate acceleration with fully relativistic beam [1], and our recent 2022 results have demonstrated all the essential functions carried out by conventional relativistic linac, but at the two orders higher frequency; staging, acceleration; energy spread control through phased acceleration; and a field gradient of 20 MV/m, comparable to that of operating accelerator facilities. Acceleration gradients exceeding 200 MV/m are now, with support of this grant, within reach. In parallel to the development of acceleration of relativistic beams with THz, the Cockcroft Institute programme has established the facilities and concepts for a THz driven 'injector', the first stage where energies are taken from photocathode to relativistic energies.The requested capital equipment, two closed-cycle cryostat systems, are required for cooling of the PP-LiNbO3 THz sources. Integration of the cryogenic-cooled THz sources into our existing research programme will ensure that we remain the forefront of a rapidly developing field. We will be well placed to prove the capability of an integrated THz-driven accelerator with unprecedented capability for femtosecond electron beam acceleration and control, and acceleration gradients exceeding that of conventional RF accelerators.