Oxford Particle Physics Group Responsive RA Bid

粒子物理学试图从基本力(夸克、轻子)、基本力(强、电磁、弱力、引力)和中介它们的粒子(光子、W/Z、胶子、引力子)以及赋予基本粒子质量的希格斯粒子的角度来理解宇宙及其诞生、演化和命运。标准模型是近五十年来发展起来的一个理论框架，它解释了几乎所有的粒子物理数据。但这个模型是不完整的。它解释了我们在地球上遇到的情况，但对宇宙的研究表明，神秘暗物质的存在将星系聚集在一起，而更神秘的暗能量正在以越来越快的速度将星系分开。牛津大学的研究将通过提供数据来指导发展标准模型的理论工作，从而极大地促进我们对即将出现的取代标准模型的“新物理”理论的理解。大型强子对撞机(LHC)重现了大爆炸百万分之一秒内的条件。牛津在ATLAS和LHCb中扮演着重要角色。这些实验有可能彻底改变我们对宇宙的理解。在ATLAS中，牛津大学的物理学家参与了“希格斯粒子”的令人兴奋的发现，希格斯粒子赋予基本粒子质量。希格斯粒子就像一块窗帘；既然我们找到了它，我们就可以拉开窗帘，看到一个新的世界。因此，我们正在非常详细地研究它。我们还在寻找新的粒子，为“暗物质”提供解决方案，“暗物质”约占宇宙中物质的80%。牛津大学大型强子对撞机上的物理学家们致力于通过研究夸克和反夸克行为的细微差别来更好地理解宇宙中物质-反物质不对称的起源。这种不对称性使我们得以存在。大型强子对撞机第三次运行刚刚开始。数据的增加以及探测器和触发器的改进将增强ATLAS和LHCb的发现潜力。我们参与与大型强子对撞机的大型实验相辅相成的高精度实验。MU3E正在寻找由非常重的粒子介导的新物理，这些粒子在大型强子对撞机上看不到，但在包括SUSY在内的许多理论模型中都是可以看到的。Mu3计划在2024年进行首次运行。与以前的实验相比，这次运行开启的开发可能性将提高对许多新物理场景的敏感度。LZ通过寻找暗物质解决了粒子物理学中最关键的问题之一&宇宙学。利用同类中最大的暗物质探测器，LZ合作最近于2022年7月7日公布了第一个科学成果。在牛津，LZ小组正在开发新的选择标准，这将使探索目前尚未探索的暗物质相空间区域成为可能。总而言之，ATLAS、LHCb、Mu3e和LZ正在或预计即将获得数据。因此，对于牛津大学的粒子物理学来说，这是一个独特而激动人心的时代。

Particle physics seeks to understand the Universe, its birth, evolution, and fate in terms of elementary particles (quarks, leptons), the fundamental forces (strong, electromagnetic, weak forces, gravity) and the particles that mediate them (photons, W/Z, gluons, gravitons) and the Higgs particle that gives elementary particles mass. The Standard Model, a theoretical framework developed in the last fifty years, elucidates almost all particle-physics data. But the model is incomplete. It explains what we encounter on Earth, but studies of the cosmos suggest the presence of mysterious dark matter that holds galaxies together and more mysterious dark energy that is driving galaxies apart at an ever-increasing rate. Oxford's research will significantly advance our understanding of the "new-physics" theory that will emerge to replace the Standard Model by providing the data to guide the theoretical work to develop it. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) reproduces the conditions within a million millionth of a second of the Big Bang. Oxford plays a major role in ATLAS and LHCb. These experiments have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of the Universe completely. In ATLAS, Oxford physicists participated in the exciting discovery of the "Higgs particle", which gives mass to elementary particles. The Higgs particle is like a curtain; now that we have found it, we can draw back the curtain to see a new world. Accordingly, we are studying it in great detail. We are also searching for new particles that would provide a solution to "dark-matter" which makes up about 80% of matter in the Universe. Oxford physicists on LHCb strive to better understand the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe by studying subtle differences in the behaviour of quarks & antiquarks - "CP-violation". This asymmetry permits us to exist. LHC Run 3 is just started. Increased data and improved detectors and triggers will enhance the discovery potential of both ATLAS and LHCb. We participate in high-precision experiments complementary to the large experiments at the LHC. Mu3e searches for new physics mediated by very heavy particles that would not be visible at the LHC but are expected in many theoretical models, including SUSY. Mu3 is set to have its maiden run in 2024. The exploitation possibilities open by this run will improve sensitivity to many new physics scenarios with respect to previous experiments. LZ addresses one of the most critical questions in particle physics & cosmology by searching for dark matter. Exploiting the largest dark matter detector of its kind, the LZ collaboration recently presented its first science results on July 7, 2022. In Oxford, the LZ group is developing novel selection criteria that will enable exploring regions of dark matter phase space currently unexplored.In summary, ATLAS, LHCb, Mu3e, and LZ are taking or expecting to take data imminently. Therefore, these are unique and exciting times for Particle Physics at Oxford.