The study of elementary particles and their interactions (PPGPE Responsive PDRA Call 2022)

这笔拨款是为了继续该小组对基本粒子性质和自然基本力量的研究计划。特别的重点是三个特定实验的操作和数据分析：大型强子对撞机的CMS和LHCb以及RAL的MIGDAL实验。这项拨款的主要目的之一是支持大型强子对撞机实验的开发，这些实验将在拨款期间收集数据。CMS实验将继续表征希格斯玻色子，它为新物理学（NP）提供了一个独特的窗口，并使用这些测量来搜索这种物理。二头最终态为希格斯玻色子的一些特性提供了一个独特的探测，这种希格斯衰变将被利用。对新物理的最大灵敏度来自所有衰变模式的组合，“组合和解释”活动将是该资助的另一个重点。这也将有可能扩展我们对长寿命粒子和其他新现象的搜索。所有CMS职位将支持我们的关键任务M&O活动，在我们拥有学术领导的领域。LHCb实验将提供标准模型（SM）的补充测试，以及寻找味道物理中极其罕见的衰变的能力，这些衰变对新物理的贡献很敏感。由该小组领导的测量揭示了与SM的偏差，可能表明轻子的非普惠性和NP。这样的NP模型在涉及tau轻子的事件中预测了更大的影响，这促使我们提出了世界领先的tau异常磁矩测量方法。大约四分之一的宇宙是由暗物质组成的，其性质尚不清楚。到目前为止，这在实验室中还没有被发现，该小组将继续通过LUX-ZEPLIN实验寻找暗物质候选者的直接证据，同时为下一代探测器做准备。这笔拨款将特别侧重于对核散射中的“米格达尔效应”的首次观察。这种效应可以用来将这些搜索的灵敏度扩展到更轻的粒子。

This grant is to continue the group's programme of investigation into the properties of elementary particles and the fundamental forces of nature. In particular the focus is on the operation of, and data analysis from, three particular experiments: CMS and LHCb at the LHC and the MIGDAL experiment at RAL. One of the main objectives of this grant will be to support the exploitation of the LHC experiments which will be taking data during the period of this grant. The CMS experiment will continue to characterize the Higgs boson, which provides a unique window onto new physics (NP), and to use such measurements to search for this physics. The di-tau final state provides a unique probe of some of the properties of the Higgs boson and this Higgs decay will be exploited. Greatest sensitivity to new physics comes from the combination of all decay modes and 'combination and interpretation' activities will be another focus of this grant. It will also be possible to extend our searches for long-lived particles and other new phenomena. All CMS posts will support our mission critical M&O activities, in areas where we have the academic leadership. The LHCb experiment will offer complementary tests of the Standard Model (SM) and beyond with the ability to look for extremely rare decays in flavour physics, which are sensitive to contributions from new physics. Measurements led by the group have revealed deviations from the SM, potentially indicating lepton non-universality and NP. Such NP models predict much larger effects in events involving tau leptons, motivating our proposal to make a world-leading measurement of the tau anomalous magnetic moment.Around a quarter of the Universe is composed of dark matter and its nature is unknown. This has so far remained undetected in the laboratory and the group will continue its activity in searching for direct evidence of a dark matter candidate through the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, along with preparations for the next generation detector. Particular focus in this grant will be given to the first observation of the 'Migdal effect' in nuclear scattering. This effect can be used to extend the sensitivity of these searches to lighter particles.