Lancaster EPP Group Responsive Grant Bid 2022

这项研究的目的是通过研究基本粒子及其相互作用，进一步了解我们的宇宙。进一步深入了解宇宙的基本组成部分（基本粒子）的性质以及支配这些粒子相互作用的基本力的性质，将有助于深入了解宇宙的起源和演化，特别是在大爆炸后的最初时刻。兰开斯特实验粒子物理小组参与了欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机（LHC）的一些实验，这些实验旨在测试我们对这些基本粒子和力（标准模型）的理解，并进行新粒子和新物理的搜索。该小组还参与了研究中微子（一种特定类型的基本粒子）的实验，寻找暗物质候选者和探测器开发。该建议侧重于该小组在ATLAS、NA 62和T2 K实验范围内的一组活动。利用在大型强子对撞机上进行的ATLAS实验所积累的数据，我们将研究希格斯玻色子的性质，并通过研究重夸克衰变来寻找标准模型中的异常。对di-Higgs产生的研究将使人们更深入地了解其在宇宙中的作用、性质和性质，提供重要的信息。对重夸克衰变的研究将研究轻子味普适性，即不同类型的轻子是否以相同的强度与W玻色子耦合。轻子味普适性与任何已知的对称性无关，其起源也不清楚。因此，这是一个非常有趣的调查领域。NA 62实验提供了一个独特的机会，以一种与LHC实验互补和协同的方式探索标准模型（SM）的精度前沿。NA 62将对标准模型进行严格的测试，寻找超稀有过程，并进行轻子味普适性研究。这项工作将把我们对基本粒子及其相互作用的理解提高到前所未有的水平。通过为T2 K实验中中微子相互作用产生的粒子开发新的选择，可以更好地理解中微子相互作用模型。这将导致T2 K实验对中微子振荡的测量得到改进，并为下一代实验提供重要信息，这些实验计划在标准模型的中微子部分中建立CP破坏的存在。这可能对理解宇宙的物质-反物质不对称性产生广泛的影响。

The aim of the proposed research is to further understand our Universe at its most basic level via the study of elementary particles and their interactions. Gaining further insight into the properties of the basic building blocks of the Universe (elementary particles) and the nature of the fundamental forces which govern the interactions of these particles will permit deep insights into the origin and evolution of the Universe, especially in the first moments after the Big Bang. The Lancaster Experimental Particle Physics group is involved with a number of experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN that are designed to test our understanding of these fundamental particles and forces (the Standard Model) and also undertake searches for new particles and new physics. The group is also involved in experiments that study neutrinos (one specific type of fundamental particle), searches for Dark Matter candidates and detector development. This proposal focuses on a sub-set of the group's activities within the ATLAS, NA62 and T2K experiments. Using data accumulated by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, we will study the nature of the Higgs boson and search for anomalies in the Standard Model via studies of heavy quark decays. Searches for di-Higgs production will allow deeper understanding of its role in the universe, nature and properties, providing important information . Studies of heavy quark decays will investigate lepton flavour universality, i.e. whether the different types of leptons couple to the W boson with equal strength. Lepton flavour universality is not associated with any known symmetry and its origins are not known. This is therefore a very interesting area of investigation. The NA62 experiment offers a unique opportunity to explore the precision frontier of the Standard Model (SM) in a complementary and synergistic way to the LHC experiments. NA62 will execute stringent tests of the Standard Model, search for ultra-rare processes and undertake studies of lepton flavour universality. This work will probe our understanding of fundamental particles and their interactions to an unprecedented level. By developing new selections for particles produced in neutrino interactions at the T2K experiment, improved understanding of neutrino interactions models can be gained. This will lead to improved measurements of neutrino oscillations with the T2K experiment and provide important information for next-generation experiments that are planned to establish the existence of CP violation in the neutrino sector of the Standard Model. This could have wide reaching implications for the understanding of the matter- antimatter asymmetry of the Universe.