PREDICTORS AND PARAMETERS OF HUMAN GRIEVING

最近对丧亲文学的评论指出， 的经验支持的传统模式处理损失， 以及基础研究的需要，旨在建立 悲伤体验的参数，这种体验如何与 其他压力和抑郁反应，以及哪些基本认知， 情绪，应对和个性变量可能会影响 悲伤的过程。雅阁这些需要， 将采用前瞻性纵向设计， 与悲伤的参数和预测因素有关的问题。一 将进行一系列访谈和问卷评估， 在丧亲之痛后2到4个月内服用。主 将在术后14个月和25个月再次重复相关措施， 损失此外，为了区分规范性和 特定的丧亲过程，已婚成年人的匹配样本 将使用类似的工具进行评估， 同一时间路线。第一个目标是根据经验建立 通过心理测量学分析的悲伤特异性症状参数 通过对访谈数据的分析， 分数的聚合效度和区分效度 问卷调查和访谈措施的一般痛苦和 抑郁和创伤症状。第二个目标将集中在 测量基本的认知、情感和人格过程 在丧亲之痛期间， 悲伤课程这些变量包括与 与损失、应对相关的情绪体验和表达 具体的行为和策略的损失，个性 与主观调节相关的维度，例如，气质性 自我欺骗，以及一般功能，例如，五因素 模型，口头披露损失，以及个人意义 的损失。这五组基本维度将是 作为纵向悲伤和健康过程的预测因素。的 它们之间的相互关系和各自独特的预测效用 将使用分层回归建立一组预测因子 路径分析。最后一个目标将是检查 悲伤症状及其与预测因子和调节因子的关系 变量响应两种不同类型的损失，损失 配偶和失去孩子的痛苦

Recent reviews of the bereavement literature have noted the absence of empirical support for traditional models of coping with loss as well as the need for basic research aimed at establishing the parameters of grief experience, how such experience might relate to other stress and depressive responses, and which basic cognitive, emotional, coping, and personality variables might influence the course of grief. In accord with these needs, the proposed study will utilize a prospective longitudinal design to examine specific questions related to the parameters and predictors of grieving. A battery of interview and questionnaire assessments will be administered between 2 and 4 months into bereavement. The primary dependent measures will be repeated again at 14 and 25 months post- loss. In addition, to distinguish between normative and bereavement-specific processes, a matched sample of married adults will be assessed using similar instruments over approximately the same time course. A first aim will be to empirically establish the parameters of grief-specific symptoms through psychometric analyses of interview data and through analyses of the interview-based grief score's convergent and discriminate validity in relation to questionnaire and interview measures of general distress and depressive and trauma symptoms. A second aim will focus on measuring basic cognitive, emotional, and personality processes during bereavement and establishing their predictive relationship to grief course. These include variables pertaining to the experience and expression of emotion related to the loss, coping behaviors and strategies specific to the loss, personality dimensions related to subjective regulation, e.g., dispositional self-deception, and to general functioning, e.g., the Five-Factor Model, verbal-disclosure about the loss, and the personal meaning of the loss. These five sets of basic dimensions will be then examined as predictors of longitudinal grief and health course. The inter-relationship among, and unique predictive utility of, each set of predictors will be established using hierarchical regression and path analyses. A final aim will be to examine the range of grief symptoms and their relationship to predictor and moderator variables in response to two different types of losses, the loss of a spouse and the loss of a child.