Broadening and improving the Turnip yellows virus resistance base in oilseed rape (BITYR)

芜菁黄化病毒（Turnip yellows virus，TuYV）是危害英国和欧洲油菜（OSR，Brassica napus）的重要病原。在感染OSR的病毒中，它是最常见和最具破坏性的。据估计，仅在英国，OSR的TuYV感染导致的产量下降高达30%，每年造成6700万至1.8亿英镑的损失。OSR是英国第三大最广泛种植的大田作物，对英国粮食生产至关重要，作为小麦作物之间的中间作物，它也是近年来农民最有利可图的耕地作物之一。TuYV是由非常常见的桃-马铃薯蚜虫Myzus persicae传播。一旦蚜虫获得病毒，它们就会终生传播病毒。植株感染TuYV越早，产量损失越大。防止早期TuYV感染的唯一方法是过去应用于大多数OSR种子的类烟碱种子处理。这些种子处理剂的活性成分现已被欧盟禁止，因为据称对蜜蜂有影响。迫切需要开发新的控制TuYV的方法，以保护产量和减少损失。最好的方法是培育对病毒具有天然抗性的OSR品种。马铃薯育种公司Limagrain已经开发并正在销售一种名为Amalie的OSR品种，该品种对TuYV具有部分抗性。Amalie对TuYV敏感，但相对于其他OSR品种，植物中积累的病毒量减少，产量损失减轻。沃里克大学（UoW）鉴定了对TuYV部分抗性的另一种OSR来源，其具有减少的病毒积累和减少的产量损失。他们还在OSR的近亲甘蓝（卷心菜、花椰菜等）中发现了一些更极端的抗性来源。和芜菁（芜菁等）。UoW也一直在研究TuYV的多样性，并收集了代表不同基因组的病毒分离株。这些发现为利马格兰和沃里克大学之间的协同合作提供了机会：-联合收割机OSR抗性，以提高病毒控制和产量-扩大TuYV抗性基础，以降低抗性来源被破坏的风险-开始利用OSR亲戚的更极端的抗性来源

Turnip yellows virus (TuYV, formerly known as Beet western yellows virus) is a very important pathogen affecting oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus) crops in the UK and Europe. Of the viruses infecting OSR, it is the most common and the most damaging. Estimates of yield reductions from TuYV infection of OSR in the UK alone are upto 30%, resulting in losses of £67-180 million/annum.OSR is the 3rd most widely grown field crop in the UK and crucial to UK food production as a break crop between wheat crops it has also been one of the most profitable arable crops for farmers in recent years. TuYV is transmitted by the very common peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae. Once aphids acquire the virus they transmit it for life. The earlier plants are infected by TuYV, the greater the yield loss. The only way to prevent early TuYV infection has been the neonicotinoid seed treatments applied to most OSR seeds in the past. The active ingredients of these seed treatments have now been banned by the EU because of alleged effects on bees. There is an urgent need to develop new ways of controlling TuYV to protect yields and reduce losses. The best approach is to develop OSR varieties with natural resistance to the virus. The pant breeding company Limagrain have developed and are selling an OSR variety called Amalie with partial resistance to TuYV. Amalie is susceptible to TuYV, but the amount of virus accumulating in plants is reduced and yield losses ameliorated relative to other OSR varieties. University of Warwick (UoW) identified another OSR source of partial resistance to TuYV with reduced virus accumulation and reduced yield loss. They have also identified a number of more extreme sources of resistance in the close relatives of OSR, Brassica oleracea (cabbage, cauliflower etc.) and Brassica rapa (turnips etc.). UoW have also been investigating the diversity of TuYV and have a collection of virus isolates representing different genetic groups.These discoveries provide the opportunity for synergy between Limagrain and the University of Warwick by collaborating to:- combine OSR resistances to improve virus control and yields- broaden the TuYV resistance base in order to reduce the risk of break down of the resistance sources- begin to exploit the more extreme sources of resistance from OSR relatives