VISUAL ORGANIZATION--BEYOND LOCAL MECHANISMS

近年来，对灵长类动物运动系统的生理和心理物理研究数量惊人，并奋进1994-1998年国家视觉研究计划的鼓励。这项工作建立了局部运动处理单元的主要特点。为了有用，这些局部运动单元的响应必须在空间和时间上结合起来，以引导运动并帮助物体识别。本提案将研究如何将这些地方反应重新组合起来。在复杂背景内移动的对象是容易可见的，并且容易识别，尽管有遮挡表面和其他特征的周围运动。这一观察结果表明，局部运动单元是沿着真实的物体所采取的缓慢变化的路径组织的，而方向的快速变化是不可能的。首先，人类心理物理学实验将证明落在共同运动路径上的目标的可见性增加。随后的测量将研究这种增加的可见性是如何实现的，以及通过将局部运动信号汇集到网络中来获得哪些信息。这些研究将提高人类运动处理的基础科学知识。运动处理对于结构化环境中的移动性至关重要。因此，这些结果可能有助于设计增强患有低视力的个体的移动性的设备和训练程序。

In recent years, there has been an extraordinary number of physiological and psychophysical studies of the primate motion system, and endeavor encouraged by the National Plan for Vision Research 1994-1998 (p.273- 275). This work has established the main characteristics of local motion processing units. To be useful, the responses of these local motion units must be combined over space and time to guide locomotion and to aid object recognition. This proposal will examine how these local responses re combined. An object moving within a complex background is readily visible, and easily identifiable, despite occluding surfaces and the surrounding motion of other features. This observation suggests that the local motion units are organized along the slowly-changing paths taken by real objects, where rapid changes in direction are improbable. First, human psychophysical experiments will demonstrate increased visibility for targets that fall on a common motion path. Subsequent measurements will examine how this increased visibility is accomplished, and what information is lot by pooling the local motion signals into a network. These studies will improve basic scientific knowledge on human motion processing. Motion processing is critical for mobility in a structured environment. Thus, there results may assist in the design of devices and training procedures that enhanced mobility in individuals suffering from low vision.