RESIDENTIAL ENCLAVES AND THE HEALTH OF IMMIGRANTS

拟议的研究将使用八个横断面调查的死亡率随访的成年人的数据与有关的居住地的调查受访者的信息，以评估移民和同种族的居住集群的影响，经验确定的死亡率和发病率优势的外国出生。更具体地说，这项研究将解决的问题，是否生活在一个住宅飞地，这是一个连续的人口普查块组与统计确定的特定种族群体的语言限制，最近的移民密度的定义，影响发病率和死亡率的移民前景。 次要的研究问题是邻里经济条件和城市水平的收入不平等和居住隔离是否削弱或消除了生活在这样一个飞地的任何有利影响。来自三个独立来源的数据将用于分三个步骤进行这些分析。 关于健康风险行为、人口统计学特征和健康结果的个体数据来自1987-1994年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）的成年受访者，NHIS是美国非机构人口的年度全国代表性横断面调查。这些数据还将链接到同一八年期间的国家健康访谈调查-多种死因（NHIS-MCD）文件，其中包含NHIS调查受访者的死亡证明信息，为分析的死亡率部分提供数据。然后，这些匹配的记录通过地理编码链接到1990年人口普查的STF 3-A数据，这些数据来自街区组、人口普查区和大都市统计区。这些数据将用于描述调查对象的居住环境。人口普查局关于大都市统计区居住隔离和收入不平等的其他表格数据将用于补充人口普查STF 3-A提供的数据。分析将包括三个步骤。首先，将开发空间模型，从现有的信息块组一级的身份移民住宅飞地。其次，将为移民建立个人死亡率和发病率模型，以建立个人层面的途径，使移民人口之间的健康差异。这些模型将在有和没有选定的健康行为的情况下进行指定，以评估健康行为对健康结果的干预作用。 最后，个人将被放置在他们的居住环境和生活在一个住宅飞地的直接影响和邻里和城市一级的经济和居住隔离条件的修改效果将使用适当的多层次技术进行评估。

The proposed research will use data from eight cross-sectional surveys of adults with mortality follow-up linked to information about the place of residence of the survey respondent to assess the impact of the residential clustering of immigrants and co-ethnics on the empirically identified mortality and morbidity advantage of the foreign born. More specifically, this research will address the issue of whether living in a residential enclave, which is defined as a contiguous set of Census block-groups with statistically identified densities of recent immigrants of particular ethnic groups with language constraints, affects the morbidity and mortality prospects of immigrants. The secondary research questions are whether the neighborhood economic conditions and city level income inequality and residential segregation attenuate or eliminate any favorable effects of living in such an enclave. Data from three independent sources will be used to conduct these analyses in three steps. Individual data on health risk behavior, demographic characteristics, and health outcomes comes from adult respondents to the 1987-1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the non-institutional population of the United States. These data will also be linked to the National Health Interview Survey-Multiple Cause of Death (NHIS-MCD) files for the same eight year period, which contains death certificate information for survey respondents from the NHIS to provide data for the mortality portion of the analysis. These matched records are then linked via geocodes to the STF3-A data from the 1990 Census of Population at the block-group, census tract, and Metropolitan Statistical Area. This data will be used to characterize the residential environment of the survey respondents. Additional tabulated data from the Census Bureau on residential segregation and income inequality in Metropolitan Statistical Areas will be used to augment the data available from the Census STF3-A. The analysis will consist of three steps. First, spatial models will be developed to identity immigrant residential enclaves from the available information at the block-group level. Second, individual mortality and morbidity models will be developed for immigrants to establish the individual level pathways to differential health among immigrant populations. These models will be specified with and without selected health behaviors to assess the intervening role of health behaviors in health outcomes. Finally, the individuals will be placed in their residential contexts and the direct effects of living in a residential enclave and the modifying effects of the neighborhood and city-level economic and residential segregation conditions will be assessed using appropriate multilevel techniques.