STEREOTYPIES IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

这个项目将描述家庭早期有节奏的行为。 后来被诊断为自闭症或精神分裂症的儿童的录像带 智力迟缓。假设有节奏的行为，正常情况下 在婴儿期发生的频率很高，与后来的异常有关 刻板印象和自我导向的行为。刻板印象得分源自 1岁和2岁时的直接观察将与类似的 直接观察性测量和使用定型的全球评估 当代措施(如汽车)在3-4岁时获得。 第一年和第二年的刻板印象分数也将是 与一般认知功能和表现的测量相比 3-4岁时进行特定的神经认知测试。这项研究将 具体地说：(1)刻板印象的稳定性 (有节奏的)一岁到一岁之间的行为 四年；(2)确定早期的时间和地形特征 一系列刻板印象的行为，这些行为预计会预测发展 以及，(3)确定早期的哪些特征 刻板印象(强度、频率、地形)预示认知能力下降 功能正常。刻板印象和自我导向的行为，见于许多 精神发育迟滞或精神疾病的人，摆出严重的姿势 个人安全、生活质量和经济成本的问题 关心。尽管有相当多的研究旨在消除这些 行为，这个问题仍然是最严重的问题之一 慢性住院、发病率和早产儿的预测因素 患有发育障碍的个体死亡。既没有一个 对刻板印象和自我导向发展的理解 也没有能力预测这些行为中的哪些人 种群会发展出这些衰弱的行为。这些研究 最终目的是确定自我定向的特定早期预测因素 行为，从而允许更早和知情的干预高危人群 有严重发育障碍的儿童群体的风险。

This project will characterize early rhythmic behaviors from home videotapes of children later diagnosed with autism or mental retardation. It is hypothesized that rhythmic behaviors, which normally occur with high frequency during infancy, are related to later abnormal stereotyped and self-directed behaviors. Stereotypy scores derived from direct observations at 1 and 2 years of age will be compared to similar direct observational measures and global assessments of stereotypy using contemporary measures (e.g. the CARS) obtained at 3-4 years of age. Stereotypy scores in the first and second year of life will also be compared to measures of general cognitive function and performance on specific neurocognitive tests at 3-4 years of age. This study will specifically: (1) characterize the stability of different stereotypic (rhythmic) behaviors at one-year intervals between the ages of one and four years; (2) identify early temporal and topographic characteristics of stereotypic behaviors that are expected to predict the development of later abnormal behaviors; and, (3) determine which features of early stereotypies (intensity, frequency, topography) predict lower cognitive functioning. Stereotyped and self-directed behaviors, seen in many individuals with mental retardation or mental illness, pose serious problems for individual safely, quality of life, and financial costs for care. Despite considerable research aimed toward elimination of these behaviors, the problem continues to be one of the most serious predictors of chronic institutionalization, morbidity and premature death in individuals with developmental disorders. There is neither an understanding of the development of stereotypies and self-directed behaviors nor an ability to predict which individuals within these populations will develop these debilitating behaviors. These studies ultimately aim to identify specific early predictors of self-directed behaviors, thus permitting earlier and informed intervention in high- risk child populations with severe developmental disorders.