LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION AS STRUCTURE BUILDING

根据结构建设框架， 理解是建立连贯的心理表征或结构。在 涉及至少三个组成过程。第一批狩猎者 他们的心理结构的基础。接下来， 当信息相干时通过映射到新信息上来构造，或者 与以前的信息有关。然而，当传入的信息较少时， 连贯或相关的，多人使用一个不同的过程：他们转移， 建造一个新的基础结构。因此，大多数表示包括几个分支 子结构这些心理结构的组成部分被认为是 内存节点记忆节点被传入的刺激激活。初始 激活形成了心理结构的基础。一旦基金会 奠定，随后的信息往往是映射，因为越连贯， 传入信息与先前信息的关系越密切， 激活相同或连接的内存节点。此外，一旦存储器节点被 激活后，它们传输处理信号以增强（增加）或抑制 （减少）其他节点的激活。所以，一旦记忆节点被激活， 机制控制它们的激活水平：抑制和增强。 内存节点在它们所代表的信息对于 进一步的结构建设;他们被抑制时，信息是不 必要时更长。 持续供资期的目标是进一步测试假设， 结构构建框架的含义，使用两种方法 方法：基于实验室的行为实验和功能磁 共振成像（fMRI）。行为实验将进一步研究 打基础的认知过程是问“优势”是否 首先提到的”超越了解释的可及性;认知 映射过程将通过量化的需求， 激活引导映射过程的知识;认知过程 将进一步调查转移， 转移和附加新的子结构;抑制的认知机制， 将通过探索是否存在两种不同的 结构在英语中起着隐喻的作用，如果是这样， 抑制和增强的机制使那些标记的概念成为可能 后指手段，以获得特权地位， 结构. fMRI实验（区组设计和事件相关）将扩展 通过发现潜在的共同神经回路进行行为实验 一般理解（三种媒体），并通过发现如何一般 认知过程和奠定基础的机制，映射， 抑制和增强在一般神经网络中被实例化。 电路.

According to the Structure Building Framework, the goal of comprehension is to build coherent mental representations or structures. At least three component processes are involved. First comprehenders lay foundations for their mental structures. Next, comprehenders develop mental structure by mapping on new information when that information coheres or relates to previous information. However, when the incoming information is less coherent or related, comprehenders employ a different process: They shift and build a new substructure. Thus, most representations comprise several branching substructures. The building blocks of these mental structures are considered memory nodes. Memory nodes are activated by incoming stimuli. Initial activation forms the foundation of mental structures. Once a foundation is laid, subsequent information is often mapped on because the more coherent the incoming information is with the previous information, the more likely it is to activate the same or connected memory nodes. In addition, once memory nodes are activated, they transmit processing signals to enhance (increase) or suppress (decrease) other nodes' activation. So, once memory nodes are activated, two mechanisms control their level of activation: suppression and enhancement. Memory nodes are enhanced when the information they represent is necessary for further structure building; they are suppressed when the information is no longer as necessary. The goal of the continued funding period is to test further the assumptions and implications of the Structure Building Framework, using two methodological approaches: laboratory-based behavioral experiments and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The behavioral experiments will investigate further the cognitive process of laying a foundation by asking whether the "Advantage of First Mention" extends beyond accessibility to interpretation; the cognitive process of mapping will be investigated further by quantifying the demands of activating the knowledge that guides the mapping process; the cognitive process of shifting will be investigated further by identifying when comprehenders shift and attach new substructures; the cognitive mechanisms of suppression and enhancement will be investigated further by exploring whether two different constructions operate as cataphorical devices in English, and if so, whether the mechanisms of suppression and enhancement enable concepts marked by those cataphoric devices to gain a privileged status in comprehenders' mental structures. The fMRI experiments (block design and event-related) will extend the behavioral experiments by discovering a common neural circuitry underlying general comprehension (of three media), and by discovering how the general cognitive processes and mechanisms of laying a foundation, mapping, suppression, and enhancement are instantiated within the general neural circuit.