METHODS FOR DEVELOPING AND TESTING AEROSOL SAMPLERS

目前NIOSH资助的一个研究项目旨在为更好地理解控制气溶胶采样器性能的物理因素提供基础。它是由目前对制定气溶胶采样器新的职业暴露标准的兴趣所驱动的。它是由目前对制定更好地反映人类暴露的气溶胶新职业暴露标准的兴趣所驱动的。该项目的所有实验研究都已完成。在对结果进行分析和提出报告之后，该项目将于1998年3月最后完成（从1997年8月延长）。该项目在确定新的实验方法方面确实非常成功，提供了极好和丰富的基本数据，可据以开发可在实验上获得的气溶胶采样器性能模型。这样的模型看起来非常有前途的描述采样器的性能，如在实际的工业卫生。这个新项目旨在建立在已经获得的新知识的基础上。具体而言，它将用于制定比例律，通过该比例律，采样器在与全尺寸职业环境相关的条件下（尺寸比例、使用模式、粒度范围、风速、采样流量等）可以在小型风洞中进行开发、测试和验证，就像当前研究中使用的那样。这种方法已经显示出其快速获取大量性能数据的潜力。使用新方法进行的试验性开发工作产生的新采样器将在实际工作场所与已知的“参考”采样器进行测试。预计这项研究将导致新的协议的常规测试的气溶胶采样器的性能（包括验证相对于特定的颗粒尺寸选择标准），这将不需要像目前的情况下，使用非常大的风洞和广泛的劳动力资源。因此，新的测试程序将是快速和具有成本效益的。目前，国际社会（包括NIOSH和EC）对实现新的采样器测试和开发方法的改进有很大的兴趣。

A current NIOSH-funded research project aims to provide a basis for improved understanding of the physical factors that govern the performance of aerosol samplers. It is driven by the current interest in developing new occupational exposure standards of aerosol samplers. It is driven by the current interest in developing new occupational exposure standards for aerosols which better reflect human exposure. All the experimental research for that project has been completed. Final completion of the project, following analysis of the results and reporting, will be in March 1998 (extended from August 1997). That project has been very successful indeed in identifying new experimental methods, providing excellent and copious basic data on which to base the development of mathematically-accessible models for aerosol sampler performance. Such models look very promising for describing the performances of samplers like those used in practical industrial hygiene. This new project aims to build on the new knowledge that has been gained. Specifically, it will be used in the development of scaling laws by which samplers in conditions relevant to the full-scale occupational setting (dimensional scale, mode of use, particle size range, wind-speed, sampling flowrate, etc.) can be developed, tested and validated in a small wind tunnel like that used in the current research. Such an approach has already shown its potential for the rapid acquisition of copious performance data. New samplers arising from pilot development work using the new methodology will be tested against known 'reference' samplers in actual workplaces. It is expected that this research will lead to new protocols for the routine testing of aerosol sampler performance (including validation with respect to specific particle size-selective criteria) which will not require-as is currently the case-the use of very large wind tunnels and extensive labor resources. As a result, the new testing procedures will be quick and cost-effective. There is currently considerable interest in the international community (including both NIOSH and the EC) in achieving such improvements in new sampler testing and development methodologies.