Development of a Three Axis Accelerator using an Atom Interferometer

早在1991年，Mark Kasevich和Steven Chu[1，2]就成功地建造了第一台用于测量引力的原子干涉仪。在这种类型的干涉仪中，通过两个超精细基态之间的双光子拉曼跃迁，一团原子云(通常是钠或Rb)被分裂。然后，两个空间上分离的云被反射，并与随后的拉曼脉冲重新组合。系统所经历的平行于拉曼光束的加速度将引起路径差，这相当于两个原子波包之间的相位差。这种相位差是一个可测量的量，并且可以通过平方的增量psi=k_ff与加速度相关，其中增量-psi是累积的相位差，k_ff是拉曼光束的有效波矢，a是系统的加速度，T是拉曼脉冲之间的时间。到目前为止，原子干涉仪一直专注于极高的灵敏度[23]或高重复率/可携带性[4，5]，通常是以牺牲彼此为代价的。考虑到这一点，我们建议构建一种三轴加速度计，在当前的单轴系统基础上平衡灵敏度和重复率之间的权衡。建议的灵敏度水平为100 ng/Hz，动态工作范围为0.3g，重复率为10 Hz。利用受激拉曼跃迁的原子干涉计量学。《物理评论通讯》，67(2)，第181页。[2]Biedermann，G.W.，Wu，X.，Deslaurier，L.，Roy，S.，Mahadeswaraswamy，C.和Kasevich，M.A.，2015。用冷原子干涉仪测试重力。物理评论A，91(3)，第033629页[3]Rosi，G.，Sorrentino，F.，Cacciapuoti，L.，Prevedelli，M.和Tino，G.M.，2014。利用冷原子精确测量牛顿引力常数。《自然》，510(7506)，第518-521页。[4]Farah，T.，Guerlin，C.，Landragin，A.，Bouyer，P.，Gaffet，S.，Dos Santos，F.P.和Merlet，S.，2014。移动式LNE-SYRTE冷原子重力仪在井下作业的最佳灵敏度。[5]Battelier B.，Barrett，B.，Chichet，L.，Antoni-Micollier，L.，Porte，H.，Napolitano，F.，Lautier，J.用于惯性导航的紧凑型冷原子传感器的发展。Arxiv预印本arxiv：1605.02454。

Back in 1991 the first successful realisation of an atom interferometer for measuring gravitational forces was built by Mark Kasevich and Steven Chu [1,2]. Within this type of interferometer, a cloud of atoms (usually sodium or rubidium) are split using two-photon Raman transitions between two hyperfine ground states. The two spatially separated clouds are then reflected and recombined with subsequent Raman pulses. The acceleration, parallel to the Raman beams, that the system undergoes will induce a path difference which amounts to a phase difference between the two atomic wavepackets. This phase difference is a measurable quantity and can be related back to the acceleration via delta-psi =k_eff aT squared, where delta-psi is the accumulated phase difference, k_eff is the effective wavevector for the Raman beams, a is the acceleration of the system and T is the time between Raman pulses. To date, atom interferometers have focused on extreme sensitivity [2 3] or high repetition rate/transportability [4,5] in mind, usually at the expense of each other. With this in mind, we propose to build a three axis accelerometer that balances the trade-off between sensitivity and repetition rate which builds upon our current one axis system. The proposed level of sensitivity is 100ng/Hz with a dynamic operational range of 0.3g and a repetition rate of 10Hz.[1] Kasevich, M. and Chu, S., 1991. Atomic interferometry using stimulated Raman transitions. Physical review letters, 67(2), p.181.[2] Biedermann, G.W., Wu, X., Deslauriers, L., Roy, S., Mahadeswaraswamy, C. and Kasevich, M.A., 2015. Testing gravity with cold-atom interferometers. Physical Review A, 91(3), p.033629.[3] Rosi, G., Sorrentino, F., Cacciapuoti, L., Prevedelli, M. and Tino, G.M., 2014. Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant using cold atoms. Nature, 510(7506), pp.518-521.[4] Farah, T., Guerlin, C., Landragin, A., Bouyer, P., Gaffet, S., Dos Santos, F.P. and Merlet, S., 2014. Underground operation at best sensitivity of the mobile LNE-SYRTE Cold Atom Gravimeter. Gyroscopy and Navigation, 5(4), pp.266-274.[5] Battelier, B., Barrett, B., Fouché, L., Chichet, L., Antoni-Micollier, L., Porte, H., Napolitano, F., Lautier, J., Landragin, A. and Bouyer, P., 2016. Development of compact cold-atom sensors for inertial navigation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.02454.