Depression Risk, Infant-Mother Attachment and Cortisol

描述(由申请者提供)：本项目的目的是描述 与行为和压力有关的个体差异的展开 儿童早期发育中的反应性与母婴相互作用 在患有抑郁症的高危女性所生的婴儿中。我们将重点关注 在行为层面上这些反应性差异的出现，以及 关于伴随着这些疾病的神经内分泌差异的发展 不同的行为模式。我们建议促进 通过以下方式考虑这些问题的翻译研究：1)提供 大学互动的环境；2)发展以家庭为基础的行为 有助于理解个人和个人影响的协议 社会因素；3)创建数据库基础设施，以促进 分析个体心理健康变化的统计方法和方法 发展背景下的多层次影响；4)应用最新技术 婴幼儿神经内分泌随时间变化的研究方法 母婴社会功能及其随时间变化的关系 相互联系；以及5)促进翻译研究活动 博士后学生和博士后研究员通过参与 这里提出的研究项目，并与现有的培训相协调 发展和临床心理学、儿科学、社会工作和 精神病学。我们的研究项目的独特之处在于它提出了 怀孕的女性有患抑郁症的风险，然后研究母亲和她们的 后代一旦出生，就会使用纵向方法。我们将尝试澄清 边缘功能的不同发育轨迹 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(LHPA)系统，视母婴而定 社会互动，这可能解释不同的心理健康结果。我们 也将决定是否有一种早期和可识别的生物学 婴儿的脆弱性，这些婴儿后来会发展成精神病理学。我们将评估 这些关系的协调者，并将它们与动态 行为和生物过程的双向性，保持前瞻性 婴儿的发育。这项发展研究最终将导致 未来的资助，因为我们进一步了解了 精神疾病的发展，并定义将指导 预防性干预措施的设计。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of this project is to characterize the unfolding of individual differences in relation to behavioral and stress reactivity and maternal-infant interactions during early childhood development in infants born to women at high risk for depression. We will focus on the emergence of these differences in reactivity both at the behavioral level, and with respect to development of neuroendocrine differences that accompany these distinct patterns of behavior. We propose to facilitate the development of translational research in considering these issues by: 1) providing an environment for collegial interaction; 2) developing home-based behavioral protocols that will facilitate the understanding of influences of personal and social factors; 3) creating a database infrastructure that would facilitate statistical approaches for analyzing individual change in mental health and multilevel influences in a developmental context; 4) applying state-of- the-art methodologies for the study of change over time of infant neuroendocrine functioning and its relationship to change over time of maternal infant social interrelation; and 5) promoting translational research activities for pre-doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows through participation in the research project proposed here, and in coordination with existing training programs in developmental and clinical psychology, pediatrics, social work, and psychiatry. Our research project is unique in that it proposes to identify pregnant females at risk for depression, then study the mother and their offspring once born using a longitudinal approach. We will attempt to elucidate different developmental trajectories in the function of the limbic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) system, contingent on maternal-infant social interactions, which may explain different mental health outcomes. We will also determine whether there is an early and recognizable biological vulnerability in infants who later develop psychopathology. We will evaluate moderators of these relationships, and relate them to the dynamic bidirectionality of behavior and biological processes, keeping in perspective the infant's development. This developmental study will ultimately lead to future funding, as we further our understanding of individual differences in the development of mental illness, and define working models that will guide the design of preventive interventions.