Waste as resource in the "age of austerity". Sustainable development and circular economy in local communities. A case study.

研究目的本项目的主要目的是：了解废物1(Thompson 1979)在受经济危机影响的社区(“紧缩时代”，Streeck和Schafer，2013)中的作用；研究在将废物作为社区资源重新思考的过程中推动转型的社区组织。我的研究是与“可持续发展”、“循环经济”和“废物研究”概念有关的人种学研究(O‘Brien 2008)。自2012年以来，欧盟委员会提出了几项关于资源和废物管理的立法修正案(Gregsonet.al.2015)，引入了“循环经济”的概念(欧盟委员会2014)。这个想法1我将主要考虑家庭废物，但造纸厂残渣的碎浆机废物除外。指的是一种以尽可能长时间保持资源循环为前提的经济，旨在消除浪费。这一“长期解决方案”被定义为“可持续”发展(Miller2012)。在这方面，废物被认为是有用的材料，以部分减少欧洲对自然资源的需求。将废物视为资源，将其视为材料(例如纸张)是很重要的。如果将这些材料分类并单独出售，它们就有货币价值。

Research aimThe main aims of this project are: to understand the role of waste1 (Thompson 1979) in a community affected by the economiccrisis ("age of austerity", Streeck and Schafer 2013); to study a community organization in a context of transformation promoted by a process ofre-thinking of waste as community resources.My research is an ethnographic engagement related to the concepts of "sustainable development","circular economy" and "waste studies" (O'Brien 2008). Since 2012, the EU commission hasproposed several legislative amendments about resources and waste management (Gregsonet.al.2015), introducing the idea of "circular economy" (European Commission 2014). This idea1 I will take into consideration mostly households waste with exception for pulper waste from paper mills' residuals.refers to an economy premised on keeping resources in circulation for as long as possible and soaims to eradicate waste. This "long term solution" is defined as "sustainable" development (Miller2012). In this context, wastes are considered useful materials in order to partially reduce theEuropean demand for natural resources. To consider wastes as resources is important to think thoseas materials (e.g.paper). These materials have monetary value if categorized and sold separately.