INFANT ATTENTION AND PRESCHOOL COGNITIVE OUTCOME

在过去的十年里，衡量婴儿期认知表现的指标 已被证明与儿童时期的认知状态有关， 青春期。尽管这些注意力和识别记忆的测量 预测比More提供的认知状态更高的认知状态 传统婴幼儿感觉运动测试的绝对预测水平 仍然保持谦虚。本应用提出要研究预测性 婴儿自控视觉习惯化过程中注视持续时间的有效性 范例，以及习惯化后评估的新颖性偏好。这个 研究人员建议从3到9重复评估这些变量 月份。包括对观看持续时间的重复评估将允许 对关于发育变化过程的数据的假设进行检验 在整个期间内查看持续时间将(A)增加预测 该措施相对于仅采取的类似措施的有效性 一次或两次在婴儿期，和(B)提供关于 基础机制或过程的独立性，这可能有助于 这一预测。此外，还将同时测量心率 婴儿在这些治疗过程中的注视，以便(A)提供 婴幼儿主动参与/注意的独立评估 范型，以及(B)确定不同阶段的预测有效性 婴儿注意力被证明发生在婴儿寻找 视觉刺激。最后，在每一次婴儿评估中，新颖性偏好 将在适应后的配对比较测试中进行评估。婴儿期 新颖性偏好已被证明可以预测认知结果 在过去十年的一些研究中，但尚不清楚 这样的预测是由婴儿在刺激编码中的设施进行的， 或者通过对响应作出贡献的识别记忆组件来实现。 所有受试者视觉完成后对新颖性偏好的评估 习惯于刺激理论上等同于个体差异 编码，从而允许我们检查新颖性的预测有效性 在编码过程与分离的条件下的首选项 记忆过程。

Over the past decade, measures of cognitive performance in infancy have been shown to be correlated with cognitive status in childhood and adolescence. Although these measures of attention and recognition memory predict later cognitive status over and above that provided by more traditional sensorimotor infant tests, the absolute level of prediction remains modest. The present application proposes to study the predictive validity of look duration during an infant-controlled visual habituation paradigms, and of novelty preferences assessed after habituation. The investigators propose to assess these variables repeatedly from 3 to 9 months. The inclusion of repeated assessments of look duration will allow for the test of hypothesis that data on the course of developmental change in look duration across that period will (a) increase the predictive validity of the measure over similar measures that have been taken only once or twice during infancy, and (b) provide insight as to the independence of underlying mechanisms or processes that may contribute to this prediction. In addition, heart rate will be measured concurrently with infants' looking during these sessions in order to (a) provide independent evaluation of infants' active engagement/attention in the paradigm, and (b) determine the predictive validity of different phases of infant attention that have been shown to occur during infants looking to visual stimuli. Finally, at each infant assessment, novelty preference will be assessed in a paired-comparison test following habituation. Infant novelty preferences have been shown to be predictive of cognitive outcome in a number of studies over the last decade, but it is not clear whether such prediction is carried by the infant's facility in stimulus encoding, or by the recognition memory components that contribute to the response. The assessment of novelty preference after all subjects have been visually habituated to stimuli theoretically equates for individual differences in encoding, and thus allows us to examine the predictive validity of novelty preferences under conditions where encoding processes are dissociated from memory processes.