Understanding the basis of stomatal adaptation to increased atmospheric CO2

过去30年的研究，主要是在拟南芥中，意味着我们知道很多关于拟南芥气孔对大气二氧化碳（e[CO2]）的短期反应。相比之下，我们知道很少的分子和生理基础的长期气孔适应生长在e[CO2]谷物。这在环境变化的背景下显然很重要，因为预计未来30年e[CO2]将增加，特别是在培育能够保持和提高产量的适应性作物时，同时可持续地种植。为了了解中期和长期的气孔适应生长的基础在e[CO2]，我们将利用爱德华兹实验室开发的独特资源。这是一个EMS诱变群体的快速循环矮小麦品种称为远地点。这种品种每年可以生长三代，因为它是一个侏儒，它可以在受控环境室中生长。我们将进行一个基于热成像的遗传筛选，使用这个人口，以确定个人未能显示适应气孔行为的响应e[CO2]。筛选的结果将是一批突变体，将对这些突变体进行遗传和表型分析。鉴定出的性状和基因将为CIMMYT的Reynolds博士进行的生理育种计划提供信息。这项工作的第二部分将跟进我们最近在拟南芥中的证明，即气孔CO2（和相对湿度）响应取决于植物激素脱落酸（Chater et al（2015）ElevatedCO 2-induced responses in stomata require阿坝and阿坝signaling. Current Biology 25，2709-2716.）。我们将调查这是否也是真的在小麦和大麦使用突变体和化学干预。

Research over the previous 30 years, primarily in Arabidopsis, means that we know much about the short-term response of Arabidopsis stomata to atmospheric carbon dioxide (e[CO2]). In contrast, we know little about the molecular and physiological basis of long-term stomatal adaptation to growth at e[CO2] in cereals. This is clearly important in the context of environmental change where e[CO2] is predicted to increase in the next 30 years and especially in breeding resilient crops capable of maintaining and improving yields while being grown sustainably. To understand the basis of medium and long-term stomatal adaptation to growth at e[CO2] we shall exploit a unique resource developed by the Edwards lab. This is an EMS-mutagenised population of the rapid cycling dwarf wheat variety known as Apogee. Three generations of this variety can be grown per year and, as it is a dwarf, it can be grown in controlled environment chambers. We will carry out a thermal imaging-based genetic screen using this population to identify individuals that fail to show adapted stomatal behaviour in response to e[CO2]. The result of this screen will be a collection of mutants that will be analysed both genetically and phenotypically. The traits and genes identified will feed i to the physiological breeding programmes run by Dr Reynolds at CIMMYT. The second strand of the work will follow up our recent demonstration, in Arabidopsis, that stomatal CO2 (and relative humidity) responses are dependent on the plant hormone abscisic acid (Chater et al (2015) ElevatedCO2-induced responses in stomata require ABA and ABA signalling. Current Biology 25, 2709-2716.). We will investigate whether this is also true in wheat and barley using mutants and chemical intervention.