Constructing collective identity among mobile populations: the emergence of medieval rural communes in central Italy

我打算研究意大利中部农村居民点的经济和社会状况，以了解为什么以及如何在更广泛的管辖权和签名权力中出现农村公社。世纪，强大的教皇主权横跨现代的拉齐奥、翁布里亚和马尔凯，将贵族、城市和主教区的拼凑与不同的管辖权联系起来。在这种混合管辖区中，越来越多的证据表明，分散的、有核心的和新建立的农村社区表现出集体法律的特征和类似于城市公社的机构。这些机构可以被看作是现有的相互依赖关系的固化，然而，这代表了小规模集体身份的重大变化。通过对意大利中部农村住区的比较调查，本项目将试图确定促成较小住区部分自治的社会和经济条件。这将探讨社会实践向集体制度形式的转变，并阐明意大利中部农村公社的概念和物质世界。最近的学术研究探讨了中世纪社会中移民实践的影响，这与不断增长的城市的持续吸引力一起表明，在一个社会中，许多人虽然经常在经济上与土地联系在一起，但经常在移动。我打算探讨发展中的地方机构在多大程度上受到区域移民的影响，以及精英和租户流动的影响。这项工作将解决有关社会凝聚力和流动人口之间的小规模集体身份的可塑性更广泛的问题。

I propose to examine the economic and social conditions of rural settlements in central Italy to understand why and howrural communes emerged amid wider jurisdictional and signorial power. Strong papal sovereignty across modern Lazio,Umbria and the Marche in the twelfth and thirteenth century connected a patchwork of lordships, cities and bishopricswith varying allegiances. Among this mix of jurisdictions, there is increasing evidence for dispersed, nucleated andnewly created rural communities that demonstrate collective legal identity and institutions resembling those of citycommunes. These institutions may be seen as the solidification of existing co-dependent relationships, whichnonetheless represent a significant change in small-scale collective identity. Through a comparative survey of ruralsettlements in central Italy, this project will attempt to determine the social and economic conditions that contributed topartial autonomy in smaller settlements. This will explore the transition of social practice into collective institutional formand illuminate the conceptual and physical world of central Italy's rural communes. Recent scholarship has explored theunder-documented impact of migratory practice in medieval society which alongside the continuing attraction of growingcities suggests a society in which many people, while often economically tied to the land, were regularly on the move. Iintend to explore the extent to which developing local institutions were affected by regional migration and the impact ofelite and tenant mobility. This work will address broader questions about social cohesion and the malleability ofsmall-scale collective identities amongst fluid populations.