Spatial Orientation of the Mollusk Clione Limacina

描述：(申请人提供) 该提案使用海洋软体动物Clione Limacina作为模型，用于 研究一个共同的行为；朝向引力场。CLONE定向 自身在水柱中，通过机翼和尾巴处于抬头位置 动静。这些运动对来自稳囊器官的信号做出反应 保持垂直位置。稳囊器官含有一块小石头， 它位于感觉毛细胞上，并在这些细胞上四处移动 通过改变动物在引力场中的位置。在.之后 改变身体位置的干扰，来自稳态囊的信号 整合在大脑神经节中，产生正确的时空 翅膀和尾巴运动神经元的脉冲模式，从而减少了 他汀囊的信号恢复到它以前的状态。虽然看起来是直男 正向负反馈环似乎是涉及的基本机制， 行为实际上需要三个功能之间的复杂协调 元素；平衡受体、中枢神经系统中间神经元和翅膀和尾巴运动 神经元。除了平衡反应外，动物还可以参与 另一种被称为狩猎的相关行为。在狩猎过程中，正常的 平衡反应消失了，动物参与了似乎是 对其环境进行随机循环扫描。我们假设基本上 不稳定的垂直定向机制需要CPG之间的协调 对于翅膀运动和尾巴运动以及狩猎机制都涉及 激活脑神经节和脑干之间的传出联系 他汀囊中的感受器细胞格子。为了证明这一假设，我们将 综合运用行为学、电生理学和建模研究。我们 还假设大脑神经节和他汀囊之间的特异性反馈 受体和感受器神经元之间的抑制相互连接是 能够刺激复杂的狩猎搜索行为，类似于混乱 摆在三维空间中的运动。行为分析将会 量化稳定过程中机翼和尾部运动之间的相位关系 以及烦躁不安的行为。电生理学是描述这一现象所必需的 细胞对他汀囊输出的反应和计算分析将 使用三种不同的模型来确定哪种模型最能捕捉到显著特征 最准确的平衡反应和狩猎反应的特征 为这两种不同行为的产生提供了理论依据。

DESCRIPTION:(provided by applicant) This proposal uses the marine mollusc Clione limacina as a model with which to study a common behavior; orientation to the gravitational field. Clione orients itself in the water column, in the heads-up position by means of wing and tail movements. These movements respond to signals from the statocyst organ to maintain a vertical position. The statocyst organ contains a small stone, the statolith, that rests on sensory hair cells and is moved around on these cells by changes in the animal's position in the gravitational field. After a disturbance which changes body position, signals from the statocysts are integrated in the cerebral ganglion which generates the correct spatio-temporal pattern of impulses to the wing and tail motor neurons thus reducing the statocyst signal to its previous condition. Although a seemingly straight forward negative feedback loop appears to be the basic mechanism involved, the behavior actually requires a complex coordination between three functional elements; equilibrium receptors, CNS interneurons and the wing and tail motor neurons. In addition to the equilibrium response, the animal can engage in another related behavior known as hunting. During hunting, the normal equilibrium response disappears and the animal engages in what appears to be random circular sweeps of its environment. We hypothesize that the basically unstable vertical orientation mechanism requires coordination between the CPGs for both wing movements and tail movements and the hunting mechanism involves the activation of efferent connections between the cerebral ganglion and the lattice of receptor cells in the statocyst. To prove this hypothesis we will use a combination of behavioral, electrophysiological and modeling studies. We also hypothesize that specific feedback among cerebral ganglia and statocyst receptors together with inhibitory interconnections among receptor neurons is able to stimulate a complex hunting search behavior that resembles the chaotic motion of a pendulum in three dimensional space. The behavioral analysis will quantify the phase relationships between wing and tail movements during stable and perturbed behaviors. The electrophysiology is necessary to describe the cellular responses to statocyst output and the computational analysis will employ three different models to determine which best captures the salient features of the equilibrium and hunting responses most accurately and to provide a theoretical basis for the production of the two different behaviors.