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CRCNS Dynamical Principles: Neuronal Motor Microcircuits

CRCNS 动力学原理：神经元运动微电路

基本信息

批准号：
7435200
负责人：
Allen Israel Selverston
金额：
$ 38.81万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-08-20 至 2010-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A central goal of Neuroscience is to understand the laws and mechanisms by which complex coherent activity of the nervous system can emerge from the cooperative activities of many relatively simple dynamical elements i.e., neurons and synapses. Because the arrangement of neurons and synapses in different microcircuits (MCs) vary, any general principles common to all of them will require a general theoretical framework. Dynamical System Theory (DST) is such a framework. DST gives a geometrical view of a behavior's structural elements, such as attractors, basins, and separatrices and also addresses the question of what activity is common across the spectrum of neural systems. By using small invertebrate MCs, which are central pattern generators (CPGs), virtually all synaptic connections and cellular properties can be determined. With these preparations, principles may be found which can help determine the dynamical properties of vertebrate MCs where present techniques do not allow the detailed mapping of cell to cell circuitry. To measure the dynamical properties of the MCs, particularly in relation to the competing demands of robustness and flexibility, we will change the intrinsic properties of constituent neurons, synapses and MC architecture using electronic neurons, synapses, an improved dynamic clamp technique and hybrid circuits. We will work with CPGs of lobster, crab and Clione as well as with model MCs. The proposed research provides the opportunity of obtaining fundamental dynamical principles which govern the operation of neural circuits in a wide range of nervous systems. The formulation of the dynamical principles that govern the activity of small neural circuits is important not only for the understanding of robustness, sensitivity, flexibility, and synchronization mechanisms but, even more importantly, gives us the ability to build artificial systems based on such general principles without a detailed knowledge of the biological circuits. Such artificial systems would be extremely important clinically in the design of prosthetic devices.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经科学的一个中心目标是了解神经系统复杂的连贯活动可以从许多相对简单的动态元素（即神经元和突触）的协作活动中产生的规律和机制。由于不同微电路（MC）中神经元和突触的排列各不相同，因此所有微电路共有的任何通用原理都需要一个通用的理论框架。动力系统理论（DST）就是这样一个框架。 DST 给出了行为的结构元素（例如吸引子、盆地和分离）的几何视图，并且还解决了神经系统范围内哪些活动是常见的问题。通过使用小型无脊椎动物 MC（中央模式生成器 (CPG)），几乎可以确定所有突触连接和细胞特性。通过这些准备工作，可以找到有助于确定脊椎动物 MC 动态特性的原理，而现有技术不允许对细胞到细胞电路进行详细映射。为了测量 MC 的动态特性，特别是与鲁棒性和灵活性的竞争需求相关的特性，我们将使用电子神经元、突触、改进的动态钳技术和混合电路来改变组成神经元、突触和 MC 架构的内在特性。我们将与龙虾、螃蟹和 Clione 的 CPG 以及模型 MC 合作。拟议的研究提供了获得控制各种神经系统中神经回路运行的基本动力学原理的机会。制定控制小神经回路活动的动力学原理不仅对于理解鲁棒性、敏感性、灵活性和同步机制很重要，更重要的是，它使我们能够在不详细了解生物回路的情况下基于这些一般原理构建人工系统。这种人工系统在临床假肢装置的设计中极其重要。