CRCNS Dynamical Principles: Neuronal Motor Microcircuits

CRCNS 动力学原理：神经元运动微电路

• 批准号: 7073398
• 负责人: Allen Israel Selverston
• 金额: $ 38.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-20 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7073398
• 关键词: Malacostraca; cell cell interaction; neuroanatomy; neurons; synapses

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A central goal of Neuroscience is to understand the laws and mechanisms by which complex coherent activity of the nervous system can emerge from the cooperative activities of many relatively simple dynamical elements i.e., neurons and synapses. Because the arrangement of neurons and synapses in different microcircuits (MCs) vary, any general principles common to all of them will require a general theoretical framework. Dynamical System Theory (DST) is such a framework. DST gives a geometrical view of a behavior's structural elements, such as attractors, basins, and separatrices and also addresses the question of what activity is common across the spectrum of neural systems. By using small invertebrate MCs, which are central pattern generators (CPGs), virtually all synaptic connections and cellular properties can be determined. With these preparations, principles may be found which can help determine the dynamical properties of vertebrate MCs where present techniques do not allow the detailed mapping of cell to cell circuitry. To measure the dynamical properties of the MCs, particularly in relation to the competing demands of robustness and flexibility, we will change the intrinsic properties of constituent neurons, synapses and MC architecture using electronic neurons, synapses, an improved dynamic clamp technique and hybrid circuits. We will work with CPGs of lobster, crab and Clione as well as with model MCs. The proposed research provides the opportunity of obtaining fundamental dynamical principles which govern the operation of neural circuits in a wide range of nervous systems. The formulation of the dynamical principles that govern the activity of small neural circuits is important not only for the understanding of robustness, sensitivity, flexibility, and synchronization mechanisms but, even more importantly, gives us the ability to build artificial systems based on such general principles without a detailed knowledge of the biological circuits. Such artificial systems would be extremely important clinically in the design of prosthetic devices.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经科学的一个中心目标是理解神经系统的复杂连贯活动可以从许多相对简单的动力学元素的合作活动中出现的规律和机制，即，神经元和突触。由于神经元和突触在不同微电路（MC）中的排列各不相同，因此所有这些微电路所共有的一般原理都需要一个通用的理论框架。动力系统理论（DST）就是这样一个框架。DST给出了行为结构元素的几何视图，如吸引子，盆地和分界线，并解决了神经系统频谱中常见的活动问题。通过使用小的无脊椎动物MC，这是中央模式发生器（CPG），几乎所有的突触连接和细胞特性可以确定。通过这些制备，可以发现可以帮助确定脊椎动物MC的动力学性质的原理，其中目前的技术不允许细胞到细胞电路的详细映射。为了测量MC的动态特性，特别是在鲁棒性和灵活性的竞争需求方面，我们将使用电子神经元、突触、改进的动态箝位技术和混合电路来改变组成神经元、突触和MC架构的固有特性。我们将与龙虾，螃蟹和Clione的CPG以及模型MC合作。拟议的研究提供了获得基本动力学原理的机会，这些原理支配着广泛的神经系统中神经回路的运作。控制小神经回路活动的动力学原理的制定不仅对理解鲁棒性、灵敏度、灵活性和同步机制很重要，而且更重要的是，它使我们能够在不了解生物回路的详细知识的情况下，根据这些一般原理构建人工系统。这种人工系统在临床上设计修复装置时将是极其重要的。