PCBS AND WELL BEING OF MOHAWK CHILDREN AND YOUTH--GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, COGNITION

这项研究试图确定暴露在多氯联苯和 环境中的其他毒素对儿童和青少年的健康 通过他们的身体生长和成熟以及他们的 认知/行为发展。有两个总体目标 这项研究，1)确定多氯联苯身体负荷对内分泌的影响 反映甲状腺功能和性成熟，以及在身体上 儿童和青少年的成长、成熟和认知发展；2) 为了确定身体成分，特别是脂肪储存在 确定循环中的多氯联苯水平并作为其修改剂 效果。莫霍克族10~16岁儿童和青少年的横断面研究 年龄(预计n=400)将允许确定关系 多氯联苯水平与内分泌的关系(甲状腺激素、三碘甲状腺激素、促甲状腺激素和 β-雌二醇/睾酮)、身体发育、成熟和认知- 行为功能以及脂肪质量或脂肪百分比的影响 关于印刷电路板水平和印刷电路板效应。接触多氯联苯是由血清决定的 化验，并通过直接检查评估初步结果 (人体测量学和认知和行为的几种测量 功能)，或在内分泌的情况下，通过血液分析。身躯 成分(脂肪质量、脂肪百分比)使用多个 人体测量(主要是皮褶、周长和骨量 广度)。这项研究还将收集有关其他因素的信息 影响感兴趣的结果，并在必要时通过 统计方法。这项研究将确定血液中汞的水平 (有机和无机)、铅和尿氟水平，因为 Akwesasne的种群暴露在这些毒素中，可能会影响 成长和发展。其他影响(例如，饮食、社会- 经济地位、出生顺序等)通过以下方式进行评估 问卷调查。铁的状况是通过血液化验来评估的。多重 回归技术，特别是结构方程分析，这些 数据将允许控制对结果的已知影响 关注和估计多氯联苯对环境的直接和间接影响 感兴趣的中间和最终结果。

This research seeks to identify the consequences of exposure to PCBs and other toxins in the environment on the health of children and youth as measured by their physical growth and maturation and by their cognitive/behavioral development. There are two general objectives of this research, 1) to identify the effects of PCB body burden on endocrines that reflect thyroid function and sexual maturation, and on the physical growth, maturation and cognitive development of children and youth and, 2) to identify the role of body composition, specifically fat stores, in determining the level of PCBs in circulation and as a modifier of their effects. A cross-sectional study of mohawk children and youth 10-16 years of age (anticipated n=400) will permit determination of the relationships of PCB level to endocrines (thyroxine, triiodothyroine, thyrotropin, and beta-estradiol / testosterone), physical growth, maturation and cognitive- behavioral functioning as well as the influence of fat mass or percent fat on PCB levels and PCB effects. Exposure to PCBs is determined by serum assay, and the primary outcomes are assessed by direct examination (anthropometry and several measures of cognitive and behavioral functioning), or in the case of endocrines, by blood analysis. Body composition (fat mass, percent fat) is determined using multiple anthropometric measures (primarily skinfolds, circumferences and bony breadths). The study will also collect information on other factors that affect the outcomes of interest and, when necessary, control them through statistical methods. The study will determine levels of blood mercury (organic and inorganic), lead, and the level of fluoride in urine because the population at Akwesasne are exposed to these toxins that may affect growth and development. Other influences (for example, diet, socio- economic status, birth order, and others) are assessed through questionnaire. Iron status is assessed through blood assay. Multiple regression techniques, particularly structural equation analysis, of these data will permit control of the known influences on the outcomes of interest and the estimation of direct and indirect effects of PCBs on the intermediate and final outcomes of interest.