The new political divides in British politics

全球经济发展的动态意味着，许多国家的发展不平衡，其公民日益分化为能够获得高技能工作的人和无法获得高技能工作的人。因此，一些公民生活在增长的城市地区，而另一些公民则生活在相对下降的地区。在这些过程中，分裂双方出现了独特的政治，社会和文化前景（Jennings and Stoker 2016）。在“国际化”地区，人们持有更自由、亲欧盟和面向未来的态度，而在沿海地区和后工业化地区，人们对移民和欧盟的态度更可能是负面的，并且倾向于怀旧。这些地方被认为是“落后”的地方，也是许多学术和公众辩论的主题（例如Cliffe，2014; 2015; 2016;福特和Goodwin，2014; Evans和Mellon，2015; Goodwin和Heath，2016）。欧盟公投“具体化”了这一新的政治分歧（BES 2016），但其根源可以追溯到公众舆论和公共政策的长期趋势-以及它们之间的相互关系。该项目将探讨英国社会和经济发展与公众态度之间的长期关系，以及身份政治和“文化反冲”的广泛出现。它将特别关注地方和背景在塑造社会态度方面的作用-试图了解这如何有助于不同领域之间的态度两极分化。

A dynamic of global economic development means that many countries are experiencing uneven development and their citizens are increasingly split between those who can access high-skill jobs and those who cannot. As a result some citizens are living in urban areas of growth and others in areas of relative decline. There are emerging out of these processes distinctive political, social, and cultural outlooks on the two sides of the divide (Jennings and Stoker 2016). In "cosmopolitan" areas, people hold attitudes that are more socially liberal, pro-EU and future-oriented, whereas in regional coastal and post-industrial areas attitudes are more likely to be negative about immigration and the EU, and prone to embracing nostalgia. These are the places said to be "left behind" and the subject of much academic and public debate (e.g. Cliffe, 2014; 2015; 2016; Ford and Goodwin, 2014; Evans and Mellon, 2015; Goodwin and Heath, 2016). The EU referendum "crystallised" this new political cleavage (BES 2016) yet its origins can be traced to long-term trends in both public opinion and public policy - and their interrelation. This project will explore the long-term relationship between social and economic development and public attitudes in Britain, alongside the wider emergence of identity politics and 'cultural backlash'. It will specifically focus on the role of place, and context, in shaping social attitudes - seeking to understand how this contributes to the polarisation of attitudes between different areas.