The socio-economic complexity of gift-giving and philanthropy through innovations in tourism in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

拟议的研究题目是“撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）旅游创新中送礼和慈善的社会经济复杂性”。低收入国家与旅游相关的送礼行为，在这里被称为“旅游慈善”，代表了一种全球趋势，包括私人慈善家前往非洲，直接向当地接收者或通过旅游企业进行可疑的送礼行为。然而，关于通过旅游赠送礼物的意义、重要性和影响的证据有限，而预期“受益人”的观点也高度投机。对这一活动的研究将有助于有关援助依赖的更广泛的社会科学辩论，以及围绕联合国可持续发展目标的学术和政策论述。这项多利益相关方的研究及时地解决了在送礼/接收活动及其与旅游业务管理实践和SSA创新的关系方面的关键知识差距。旅游慈善作为一个尚未得到充分研究的概念，最初将从商业创新、旅游管理和人类学等方面汲取理论。一种定性方法，包括对“援助链”中的当地人进行参与性研究，将提供第一个基于经验的分类法和全面分析，分析有形形式的礼品赠送对边缘化社区的“影响”以及形成礼品赠送实践的过程。一个建构主义的方法将采取调查和归纳分析将允许形成理论。将采用参与式和人种学方法，包括视觉和叙事方法，以及半结构化访谈和价值链分析。对2-3个SSA案例研究地点的调查将产生目前缺乏的比较证据

The proposed research title is "The socio-economic complexity of gift-giving and philanthropy throughinnovations in tourism in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)". Tourism-related gift-giving in low income countries, referredto here as 'travel philanthropy', represents a global trend including private philanthropists travelling to Africaand engaging in questionable gift-giving practices directly to local recipients or via tourism businesses. There ishowever limited evidence about the meaning, significance and impact of gift-giving through tourism, and theperspectives of intended 'beneficiaries' are highly speculative. A study of this activity will contribute to widersocial science debates about aid dependency, and academic and policy discourses around the UN SustainableDevelopment Goals. This multi-stakeholder research is timely in addressing gaps in critical knowledge on giftgiving/receiving engagements and their relationships to tourism business management practices andinnovations in SSA. As an under-researched concept, travel philanthropy will initially be framed by theoriesdrawn from business innovation, tourism management and anthropology. A qualitative methodology, includingparticipatory research amongst local people in the 'aid chain', will offer the first empirically grounded taxonomyand comprehensive analysis of the 'impacts' of tangible forms of gift-giving on marginalised communities andthe processes that shape gift giving practices. A constructivist approach will be taken to the inquiry and aninductive analysis will allow theorisations to be shaped. Participatory and ethnographic methods, includingvisual and narrative methods, alongside semi-structured interviews and value chain analysis will be employed.An investigation across 2-3 SSA case study locations will produce comparative evidence that is currently lacking