SOCIO-CULTURE, PARENTING AND CHILD ORAL HEALTH

描述(申请人提供)：非洲低收入家庭的幼儿 美国母亲在小学阶段有患严重龋齿的风险 牙。这不仅会对他们随后的健康产生负面影响，而且， 通过引起疼痛和不适，可能会损害他们的学习成绩和 幸福。以前的研究记录了饮食和口腔健康之间的关系 严重龋齿的行为和断奶方法。然而，患有低血压的母亲 收入低、教育程度低、工作地位低往往与促进健康无关 练习。目前的研究不足以解释这种现象的过程 从孩提时代起就开始的社会分层会转化为糟糕的口语 健康在以后的生活中。不了解…的社会背景 对于低收入和弱势父母来说，预防性干预注定要 失败了。因此，拟议研究的目的是审查 个人和社会环境对低收入非裔美国人的影响 社区、个人(如家庭收入、支持和压力)和 社区(人口普查跟踪、警察局和底特律市数据)级别 儿童？S的口腔健康状况。它将考虑调解和缓和 照顾者的影响？为人父母的行为、信念、种族和自我 身份。将特别注意种族之间的相互关系 身份认同和健康促进作为育儿的一部分。要了解上下文如何 影响育儿，随着时间的推移，育儿会影响结果，该项目 采用纵向设计，并利用新开发的技术 生长曲线和分层建模。家庭，包括至少一个主要的 照顾者和0-5岁的儿童将登记4年，这样 研究结束时，样本儿童的年龄将在4-9岁之间。要最小化 成本，并最大限度地增加研究高危非裔美国家庭的机会， 家庭收入&250%的贫困家庭将从 底特律39个最贫穷的人口普查区域。数据将在第二年(2002年)收集， 2和6，并包括与主要照顾者、牙科医生的面对面访谈 考试，并使用最新的行为自我报告技术。 来自该项目的数据将提供关于 社交、育儿和口腔卫生、饮食和保健寻求行为， 以及这些因素如何导致严重的龋齿(在项目2中进行了检查)。

DESCRIPTION (Provided by the applicant): Young children of low-income African American mothers are at risk of developing severe dental caries in primary teeth. This can negatively influence not only their subsequent health but also, by inducing pain an discomfort, may impair their academic performance and well-being. Previous research documents the associations of diet, oral health behaviors and weaning practices with severe dental caries. Yet mothers with low income, low education, and low work status often do not follow health-promoting practices. Current research is inadequate to explain the process by which such social stratification, starting early in childhood, translates into poor oral health later on in life. Without understanding of the social context of low-income and disadvantaged parents, preventive interventions are doomed to failure. Accordingly, the aim of the proposed research is to examine the influence of personal and social context, in a low-income African American community, at the individual (e.g., family income, supports and stresses) and neighborhood (census track, police precinct, and City of Detroit data) level on children?s oral health status. It will consider the mediating and moderating effects of caregivers? parenting behaviors, beliefs, and racial and self identities. Special attention will be given to the interface between racial identity and health promotion as part of parenting. To understand how context influences parenting and parenting influences outcomes over time, the project uses a longitudinal design and takes advantage of newly developed techniques in growth curve and hierarchical modeling. Families, including at minimum a main caregiver and a child aged 0-5 will be enrolled for 4 years, such that the sample children will be aged 4-9 at the conclusion of the study. To minimize costs and maximize the chance of studying high-risk African American families, families with household incomes < 250 percent of poverty will be drawn from the 39 poorest Census tracts in Detroit. Data will be collected in years 2 (2002), 2 and 6, and include face-to-face interviews with the main caregivers, dental examinations, and use of the most up-to-date behavioral self report techniques. The data from this project will provide information on the interactions among social, parenting, and oral hygiene, dietary and health care seeking behaviors, and how these factors cause severe dental caries (examined in Project 2).