SOCIO-CULTURE, PARENTING AND CHILD ORAL HEALTH

描述（由申请人提供）：低收入非洲人的幼儿 美国母亲在小学时患严重龋齿的风险 牙齿.这不仅会对他们以后的健康产生负面影响， 通过引起疼痛和不适，可能会影响他们的学习成绩， well-being.以前的研究记录了饮食，口腔健康 行为和断奶实践与严重龋齿。然而， 收入低、教育程度低和工作地位低往往并不意味着促进健康 实践目前的研究还不足以解释这一过程， 社会分层，在童年早期开始，转化为穷人的口头 在以后的生活中健康。如果不了解社会背景， 低收入和弱势父母，预防性干预措施注定会 失败因此，拟议研究的目的是检查 个人和社会背景对低收入非裔美国人的影响 社区，在个人（例如，家庭收入、支持和压力）， 邻里（人口普查轨道，警察分局和底特律市数据）水平 孩子们？的口腔健康状况。它将考虑调解和缓和 照顾者的影响？养育行为，信仰，种族和自我 身份将特别注意种族之间的界面 身份认同和健康促进作为养育子女的一部分。为了理解上下文 随着时间的推移，父母的影响和父母的影响结果，该项目 采用纵向设计，并利用新开发的技术， 增长曲线和层次模型。家庭，至少包括一个主要的 照顾者和0-5岁的儿童将被招募4年， 研究结束时，样本儿童的年龄为4-9岁。以最小化 成本和最大限度地提高研究高风险非洲裔美国人家庭的机会， 家庭收入低于贫困人口250%的家庭将从 底特律39个最穷的人口普查区。数据将在第二年（2002年）收集， 2和6，并包括面对面的采访，主要照顾者，牙科 检查，并使用最新的行为自我报告技术。 该项目的数据将提供有关以下方面相互作用的信息： 社交、育儿和口腔卫生、饮食和寻求医疗保健的行为， 以及这些因素如何导致严重的龋齿（在项目2中进行了检查）。

DESCRIPTION (Provided by the applicant): Young children of low-income African American mothers are at risk of developing severe dental caries in primary teeth. This can negatively influence not only their subsequent health but also, by inducing pain an discomfort, may impair their academic performance and well-being. Previous research documents the associations of diet, oral health behaviors and weaning practices with severe dental caries. Yet mothers with low income, low education, and low work status often do not follow health-promoting practices. Current research is inadequate to explain the process by which such social stratification, starting early in childhood, translates into poor oral health later on in life. Without understanding of the social context of low-income and disadvantaged parents, preventive interventions are doomed to failure. Accordingly, the aim of the proposed research is to examine the influence of personal and social context, in a low-income African American community, at the individual (e.g., family income, supports and stresses) and neighborhood (census track, police precinct, and City of Detroit data) level on children?s oral health status. It will consider the mediating and moderating effects of caregivers? parenting behaviors, beliefs, and racial and self identities. Special attention will be given to the interface between racial identity and health promotion as part of parenting. To understand how context influences parenting and parenting influences outcomes over time, the project uses a longitudinal design and takes advantage of newly developed techniques in growth curve and hierarchical modeling. Families, including at minimum a main caregiver and a child aged 0-5 will be enrolled for 4 years, such that the sample children will be aged 4-9 at the conclusion of the study. To minimize costs and maximize the chance of studying high-risk African American families, families with household incomes < 250 percent of poverty will be drawn from the 39 poorest Census tracts in Detroit. Data will be collected in years 2 (2002), 2 and 6, and include face-to-face interviews with the main caregivers, dental examinations, and use of the most up-to-date behavioral self report techniques. The data from this project will provide information on the interactions among social, parenting, and oral hygiene, dietary and health care seeking behaviors, and how these factors cause severe dental caries (examined in Project 2).