Role Of Energy Expenditure And Food Intake In Body Weigh

该项目的主要目的是研究人类能量消耗和能量摄入的调节，并确定儿童和成人体重增加的代谢风险因素。为了评估静息能量消耗，我们使用间接热量测定法（代谢车和呼吸室）。为了评估自由生活条件下的能量消耗，我们使用双标记水DWL）。为了评估能量摄入和饮食行为，我们使用食物频率问卷，自动售货机和味觉测试。为了确定饥饿，味觉和饱足感的神经解剖学相关性，我们使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）。 在过去一年，我们有：a）对230名10岁的皮马印第安儿童进行了5年的随访，现在包括27名糖尿病母亲的后代，以确定儿童肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的危险因素; B）将体力活动水平遗传力（PAL）的研究从70对双胞胎扩大到94对双胞胎; c）发起一项合作研究，使用DLW在35名美国土著儿童中验证饮食和PAL问卷; d）发起一项研究，描述糖尿病母亲青春期前后代的饮食行为; e）启动了一项研究，以确定成年Pima兄弟姐妹饮食行为的遗传方面; f）表征了10名瘦女性和12名肥胖女性对膳食的大脑反应; g）完成了11名肥胖后个体的PET研究; h）启动了Prader-Willi综合征个体的PET研究

The main aim of this projects is to study the regulation of energy expenditure and energy intake in humans and identify metabolic risk factors of weight gain in children and adults. To assess resting energy expenditure we use indirect calorimetry (metabolic carts and respiratory chamber). To assess energy expenditure in free-living condition we use doubly labeled water DWL). To assess energy intake and eating behavior we use food frequency questionnaires, vending machines, and taste tests. To determine the neuroanatomical correlates of hunger, taste and satiation we use positron emission tomography (PET). In the past year we have: a)extended the 5-y follow up to 230 10 y old Pima Indian children, now including 27 offspring of diabetic mothers, to identify risk factors of childhood obesity and insulin resistance; b)expanded the study of the heritability of physical activity level (PAL) from 70 to 94 pairs of twins; c)initiated a collaborative study to validate diet and PAL questionnaires in 35 Native American children using DLW; d)initiated a study to characterize eating behavior in pre-pubertal offspring of diabetic mothers; e)initiated a study to identify heritable aspects of eating behavior in adult Pima siblings; f) characterized brain responses to a meal in 10 lean and 12 obese women; g)completed PET study in 11 post-obese individuals; h)initiated PET study in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome