CV RISK REDUCTION IN MINORITY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

心血管疾病是美国人死亡的主要原因，其根源在于儿童时期的行为，这些行为导致心血管疾病风险增加。 健康开端试验（1995-1998年，减少少数学龄前儿童的心血管风险）正在测试营养干预措施（食品服务的变化和学龄前营养课程）对纽约北部开端中心学龄前儿童（3-5岁）血液胆固醇和饮食的有效性。 初步结果表明，结果是有利的，对血液胆固醇，饮食和菜单内容（总脂肪和饱和脂肪的能量百分比）有显着影响。延续部分建议将健康起步队列的测量范围扩大到8岁。 该研究将检验与a）长期干预效果相关的假设（血胆固醇、膳食总脂肪和饱和脂肪、营养知识）; B）跟踪3 - 8岁的血脂、血压、肥胖和生长速度; c）学龄前吸烟意向、父母吸烟和小学早期实验;以及d）在参与的“开端”中心长期开展营养干预活动。 该研究队列由1786名完成了一年或两年学前干预的儿童组成。 这一群体是低收入的，42%是黑人，31%是西班牙裔，23%是白色人，4%是其他人。 在继续研究期间将采用统一的测量方法，以确保与学龄前期间收集的数据具有可比性。 这些措施包括：a）血脂; B）血压和静息心率; c）身高和体重; d）三头肌、肩胛下和髂上皮褶厚度测量; e）腰围和臀围; f）健康和营养知识、态度和自我报告行为问卷（包括吸烟）; g）24小时饮食回忆; h）CVD家族史。

Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, has roots in childhood with the establishment of behaviors which lead to increased CVD risk. The Healthy Start Trial (Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Minority Preschool Children, 1995-1998) is testing the effectiveness of nutrition interventions (food service change and a preschool nutrition curriculum) on blood cholesterol and diet among preschool children (age 3-5 years) attending Head Start Centers in upstate New York. Preliminary results indicate that the results are favorable, with significant effects on blood cholesterol, diet and menu content (percent energy from total and saturated fat). The continuation proposes to extend measurement of the Healthy Start Cohort through 8 years of age. The study will examine hypotheses related to a) long term intervention effects (blood cholesterol, dietary total and saturated fat, nutrition knowledge); b) tracking of lipids, blood pressure, obesity, and growth velocity from age 3 to 8; c) preschool intentions to smoke cigarettes, parental smoking, and early experimentation in elementary school; and d) long term maintenance of nutrition intervention activities in participating Head Start Centers. The study cohort consists of 1786 children who completed one or two full years of preschool intervention. The cohort is low income, 42 percent Black, 31 percent Hispanic, 23 percent White, 4 percent other. Uniform measurement methods will be employed during the continuation to assure comparability with data collection during the preschool period. These measures will include: a) blood lipids; b) blood pressure and resting heart rate; c) height and weight; d) triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold measurements; e) waist and hip circumference; f) health and nutrition knowledge, attitude and self-reported behavior questionnaire (including smoking); g) 24-hour dietary recall, h) family history of CVD.