Energy, in its various forms, has been a core element of historical economic growth.

各种形式的能源一直是历史上经济增长的核心要素。工业革命使企业和工人蓬勃发展，开创了一个创新和繁荣的时代。虽然我们知道能源和基础设施是经济增长的基础，但我们对电力在发展中国家的动态和更广泛的影响知之甚少。理解这些动态，包括获得能源使用如何改变经济结构的强有力的因果理解，是我研究的核心焦点。然而，能源的消耗并非没有后果。其使用的外部性——无论是当地空气污染还是全球温室气体排放——都可能对发展产生直接影响。污染危害健康和生产力，侵蚀各国的经济潜力。气候变化是大量燃烧化石燃料以消耗能源的结果，将对个人从事的经济活动产生长期影响。了解如何减少与能源消耗相关的负外部性并量化其影响是我研究的第二个方面。

Energy, in its various forms, has been a core element of historical economic growth. The Industrial Revolution enabled firms and workers to flourish, ushering in an age of innovation and prosperity. While we know energy and infrastructure is fundamental to growth, we know little about the dynamics and wider impacts electricity has in developing settings. Understanding these dynamics, including obtaining a strong causal understanding of how energy use transforms the structure of economies, is a core focus of my research. The consumption of energy, however, is not without consequences. Externalities from its use - be it local air pollution or global greenhouse gas emissions - can have direct consequences for development. Pollution harms health and productivity, sapping away at the economic potential of countries. Climate change, a function of the extensive burning of fossil fuels for energy consumption, will have long-term impacts on the economic activities individuals pursue. Understanding how the negative externalities associated with the consumption of energy can be reduced and quantifying their impacts is a second strand of my research.