Influences on participatory development approaches in Non-Government Organisation policy: comparing two cases of food security policy in Kenya

本研究旨在解决这样一个命题，即具有较少主要机构捐助者（MID）伙伴关系的非政府组织（ngo）有更大的能力将参与式发展（PD）方法纳入发展工作，正如范式思维所建议的那样。PD范式出现于20世纪90年代，强调赋予受援国社区权力，鼓励他们直接参与政策制定。先前的研究强调了PD是一个模糊的概念，被更强大的利益相关者（如MIDs）利用，因此发展政策达到了他们的目标。MIDs的影响在被称为“参与式”的发展政策中带来了信任和腐败问题，因为非政府组织优先考虑MIDs的需求，并遵循他们对PD的看法，而不是纳入“当地知识”的受益人需求。

This research aims to address the proposition that non-government organisations (NGOs) with fewer major institutional donor (MID) partnerships have greater capacity to incorporate participatory development (PD) approaches within development work, as suggested within paradigmatic thinking. The PD paradigm emerged in the 1990s, emphasising the empowerment of recipient communities and encouraging their direct involvement in policy formulation. Previous research has highlighted issues of PD being an ambiguous concept, exploited by more powerful stakeholders, such as MIDs, so development policies meet their targets. The influence of MIDs has brought issues of trust and corruption within development policies labelled as 'participatory', as NGOs prioritise MID demands and follow their perception of PD, rather than beneficiary demands incorporated within 'local knowledge'.