Childhood Factors and Teen Smoking--An 8 Year Follow up

描述（由申请方提供）：目的：本研究旨在解释变异 在青少年吸烟状况中，使用 童年.与大多数现存的研究不同， 青少年吸烟，这项研究将采用前瞻性队列设计， 从童年到青春期，因此将跨越前启动 吸烟的尼古丁依赖阶段。此外， 选择用于研究的预测变量（即，父母教养方式，反吸烟 父母的社会化，以及儿童对吸烟的易感性）从来没有 在儿童时期测量，然后用于预测吸烟状况 在青春期。方法：主要研究者的既往研究 为这一应用奠定了基础。从1994年到1996年， 研究者完成了一项在632名受试者中开始吸烟的研究 在研究期间从3年级到5年级的儿童。拟议 研究将利用电话调查研究方法， 来自该既定队列的基线后数据。变量：主要变量 自变量为：（1）一般父母教养方式;（2）反对吸烟 父母的社会化;（3）儿童的能力发展;（4）儿童 吸烟易感性;（5）儿童最初的吸烟经历。的 结果变量被指定为已建立的吸烟，当前吸烟， 或吸烟阶段。假设：待检验的主效应假设中 （一）与接触其他养育方式的同龄人相比，儿童 如果父母是权威的， 青少年时期吸烟。(ii)会有一个显著的逆 吸烟期间暴露于反吸烟社会化的量与吸烟的关系 儿童时期和青少年时期吸烟的几率。(iii)的 儿童时期吸烟的易感性越高， 青少年时期吸烟。其他假设包括主效应， 独立变量对吸烟的中介效应或调节效应 青春期的成果。这项研究的结果将具有价值，因为 他们将帮助确定童年是否确实是一个关键时期， 在青少年时期预防吸烟，他们将详细说明哪些因素 在未来的儿童预防吸烟计划中值得注意。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Aim: This study aims to explain variations in adolescent smoking status using predictor variables measured during childhood. Unlike most of the extant research to identify predictors of adolescent smoking, this study will use a prospective cohort design that spans the years from childhood to adolescence, and thus will span the pre-initiation to nicotine dependent phases of cigarette smoking. Moreover, several of the predictor variables selected for study (i.e., parenting style, anti-smoking socialization by parents, and children's susceptibility to smoking) have never before been measured during childhood and then used to predict smoking status in adolescence. Method: Previous research by the principal investigator provides the foundation for this application. From 1994 through 1996 the investigator completed a study of initiation of smoking in a cohort of 632 children who were in grades 3 through 5 during the study years. The proposed study will utilize telephone survey research methods to obtain 8-year post-baseline data from this established cohort. Variables: The primary independent variables are: (1) general parenting practices; (2) anti-smoking socialization by parents; (3) children's competence development; (4) children's susceptibility to smoking; (5) children's initial experience with smoking. The outcome variables are specified as either established smoking, current smoking, or phase of smoking. Hypotheses: Among the main effect hypotheses to be tested are: (i) Compared with peers exposed to other styles of parenting, children exposed to authoritative parenting will have significantly lower odds of established smoking in adolescence. (ii) There will be a significant inverse association between amount of exposure to anti-smoking socialization during childhood and the odds of established smoking during adolescence. (iii) The higher the susceptibility to smoking during childhood the greater the odds of established smoking in adolescence. Additional hypotheses posit main effects, mediator effects, or moderator effects of the independent variables on smoking outcomes in adolescence. The results of this study will be of value because they will help determine whether childhood is indeed a critical period for preventing smoking during adolescence, and they will specify which factors merit attention in future smoking prevention programs for children.