Early Intervention to Engage Parents in Socializing Children Against Alcohol Use

描述（由申请人提供）：美国近40%的年轻人在12岁之前首次饮酒。儿童期开始使用酒精会显著增加青少年期习惯性使用酒精、高风险使用酒精和酒精相关健康风险行为的可能性。目标一：发展一种旨在增加无酒精童年可能性的亲子干预。干预措施将使父母和儿童参与活动，灌输和加强反对未成年人饮酒的态度和行为规范。在正常的养育实践（例如，沟通、建模、规则制定、监测）的背景下，干预措施将使父母能够沟通规范，禁止用酒精喝别人的饮料，禁止自己喝酒；消除儿童在家中接触酒精产品的机会；消除儿童参与成人饮酒的任何行为（例如，取酒）；与亲戚和其他家长沟通有关孩子啜饮、享用、服务等家庭规范；教孩子如何应对可能提供酒精的同伴或成年人；抵制来自电视和其他媒体的支持饮酒的形象和信息；并提醒孩子们不要喝酒。这一综合性的保护性酒精使用社会化计划将仿效成功的反吸烟社会化干预。目的二：进行一项两组随机对照试验，以检验干预对儿童开始饮酒的影响。招募1,406名母亲、继母或其他女性监护人，她们有一个最大的8岁孩子，从未出于非宗教目的饮酒。将完成基线电话访谈的符合条件的参与者随机分配到治疗组（干预加两次年度助推器）或替代对照组（情况说明书）。评估每个干预单位交付后的实施情况。通过在基线后1年、2年、3年和4年对儿童和母亲进行访谈来衡量干预效果。检验主要假设：接受干预的儿童在12岁前开始饮酒的可能性明显低于对照组。检验第二假设：在12岁前保持戒酒的儿童中，接受干预的儿童开始饮酒的易感性明显低于对照组。进行分析以确定干预效果的调节因子和调节因子。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nearly 40% of young people in the United States first consume alcohol by age 12. Initiation of alcohol use during childhood increases significantly the likelihood of habitual alcohol use, high risk alcohol use, and alcohol-related health risk behaviors during adolescence. Aim I: Develop a parent-child intervention designed to increase the likelihood of an alcohol-free childhood. The intervention will engage parents and children in activities that instill and reinforce attitudinal and behavioral norms against any underage consumption of alcohol. Within the context of normal parenting practices (e.g., communication, modeling, rule setting, monitoring), the intervention will, for example, enable parents to communicate norms that prohibit ever sipping another's drink with alcohol and ever having a drink of one's own; eliminate child access to alcohol products at home; eliminate any child involvement in adult alcohol use (e.g., fetching drinks); communicate family norms regarding child sipping, access, serving, etc. to relatives and other parents; teach children how to respond to peers or adults who might offer alcohol; counter pro-drinking images and messages from television and other media; and reinforce children for staying alcohol-free. This comprehensive program of protective alcohol use socialization will be modeled after a successful anti-smoking socialization intervention. Aim II: Conduct a two-group, randomized controlled trial to test the effect of the intervention on initiation of alcohol use by children. Recruit 1,406 mothers, stepmothers, or other female guardians who have an eldest 8-year old child who has never consumed alcohol for a nonreligious purpose. Randomize eligible participants who complete baseline telephone interviews to a treatment (intervention plus two annual boosters) or alternative control (fact sheet) condition. Evaluate implementation following delivery of each intervention unit. Measure intervention effects by interviewing children and mothers 1, 2, 3, and 4 years post-baseline. Test primary hypothesis: Children exposed to the intervention will be significantly less likely than controls to initiate alcohol use by age 12. Test secondary hypothesis: Among children who remain abstinent to age 12, those exposed to the intervention will have significantly lower susceptibility to initiating alcohol use than controls. Conduct analyses to identify mediators and moderators of intervention effects.