Early Intervention to Engage Parents in Socializing Children Against Alcohol Use

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，近40%的年轻人在12岁时首次饮酒。儿童时期开始饮酒会显著增加青少年时期习惯性饮酒、高风险饮酒和与酒精相关的健康风险行为的可能性。目标一：制定一项旨在增加无酒精童年可能性的亲子干预措施。干预措施将使父母和儿童参与各种活动，灌输和加强反对任何未成年人饮酒的态度和行为规范。在正常的育儿实践中（例如，沟通，建模，规则设置，监测），干预措施将，例如，使父母能够沟通规范，禁止任何时候都喝别人的饮料与酒精和任何时候都有自己的饮料;消除儿童获得酒精产品在家里;消除任何儿童参与成人酒精使用（例如，取饮料）;向亲戚和其他父母传达有关儿童啜饮、接触、服务等方面的家庭规范;教儿童如何应对可能提供酒精的同龄人或成年人;抵制电视和其他媒体上支持饮酒的图像和信息;并加强儿童远离酒精。这种保护性酒精使用社会化的综合方案将仿照成功的反吸烟社会化干预。目的二：进行两组随机对照试验，以测试干预对儿童开始使用酒精的影响。招募1，406名母亲、继母或其他女性监护人，他们有一个最大的8岁孩子，从未因非宗教目的饮酒。将完成基线电话访谈的合格参与者随机分配到治疗（干预加两次年度加强剂）或替代对照（情况说明书）条件。在交付每个干预单位后评价执行情况。通过在基线后1年、2年、3年和4年对儿童和母亲进行访谈来衡量干预效果。测试主要假设：暴露于干预措施的儿童在12岁之前开始饮酒的可能性明显低于对照组。检验次要假设：在12岁之前保持禁欲的儿童中，那些接触干预措施的儿童开始饮酒的敏感性显着低于对照组。进行分析，以确定中介和干预效果的调节。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nearly 40% of young people in the United States first consume alcohol by age 12. Initiation of alcohol use during childhood increases significantly the likelihood of habitual alcohol use, high risk alcohol use, and alcohol-related health risk behaviors during adolescence. Aim I: Develop a parent-child intervention designed to increase the likelihood of an alcohol-free childhood. The intervention will engage parents and children in activities that instill and reinforce attitudinal and behavioral norms against any underage consumption of alcohol. Within the context of normal parenting practices (e.g., communication, modeling, rule setting, monitoring), the intervention will, for example, enable parents to communicate norms that prohibit ever sipping another's drink with alcohol and ever having a drink of one's own; eliminate child access to alcohol products at home; eliminate any child involvement in adult alcohol use (e.g., fetching drinks); communicate family norms regarding child sipping, access, serving, etc. to relatives and other parents; teach children how to respond to peers or adults who might offer alcohol; counter pro-drinking images and messages from television and other media; and reinforce children for staying alcohol-free. This comprehensive program of protective alcohol use socialization will be modeled after a successful anti-smoking socialization intervention. Aim II: Conduct a two-group, randomized controlled trial to test the effect of the intervention on initiation of alcohol use by children. Recruit 1,406 mothers, stepmothers, or other female guardians who have an eldest 8-year old child who has never consumed alcohol for a nonreligious purpose. Randomize eligible participants who complete baseline telephone interviews to a treatment (intervention plus two annual boosters) or alternative control (fact sheet) condition. Evaluate implementation following delivery of each intervention unit. Measure intervention effects by interviewing children and mothers 1, 2, 3, and 4 years post-baseline. Test primary hypothesis: Children exposed to the intervention will be significantly less likely than controls to initiate alcohol use by age 12. Test secondary hypothesis: Among children who remain abstinent to age 12, those exposed to the intervention will have significantly lower susceptibility to initiating alcohol use than controls. Conduct analyses to identify mediators and moderators of intervention effects.