BIODEMOGRAPHIC DROSOPHILA EXPERIMENTS

摘要：产品说明：（改编自应用程序）：该项目建议检查Medkerranean果蝇的寿命，营养和繁殖之间的关系。它将被框在最近的发现，女性地中海果蝇的生活史可以通过两种生理模式与不同的人口生育力和生存时间表的特点：（I）等待模式，其中死亡率和繁殖率都很低;和（ii）生殖模式，其中死亡率是非常低的开始产卵，但加速产卵。该项目将涉及James Carey博士（加州大学戴维斯分校）、Lawrence Harshman博士（内布拉斯加大学）和琳达帕萨迪纳（伦敦大学学院），在巴勃罗·列多博士的指导下，在墨西哥塔帕丘拉的Moscamed大规模饲养设施收集数据。教授汉斯·穆勒和Jane-Ling王（统计部，加州大学戴维斯分校）将协助数据管理和统计分析。 具体目的是检验以下假设：（1）衰老方式的相互作用对女性的生活史特征会产生根本不同的影响：a.女性将活得更长，当他们经历两种老化模式比如果他们只经历一个。B.当雌性只经历持续进食的繁殖模式时，它们一生中会产更多的卵。C.当女性同时经历两种衰老模式时，死亡率轨迹的局部特征，如死亡率“肩膀”或死亡率峰值的时间将发生变化;（2）饮食限制对寿命的影响是通过降低生殖率和成本来介导的;（3）等待模式和生殖模式中提高寿命的基因和机制是不同的，可能是相互排斥的;（4）营养和繁殖对存活率的影响是通过活性卵囊数量的变化、卵黄蛋白合成的调节和激素滴度的变化来介导的。

Abstract: DESCRIPTION: (adapted from the application): This project proposes to examine the relationships between longevity, nutrition, and reproduction in the Medkerranean fruit fly. It will be framed around the recent finding that the life history of female medflies can be characterized by two physiological modes with different demographic schedules of fertility and survival: (I) a waiting mode in which both mortality and reproduction are low; and (ii) a reproductive mode in which mortality is very low at the onset of egg laying but accelerates as eggs are laid. The project will involve Drs. James Carey (UC Davis), Lawrence Harshman (University of Nebraska) and Linda Partridge (University College London) with data gathered at the Moscamed mass rearing facility in Tapachula, Mexico under the direction of Dr. Pablo Liedo. Professors Hans Muller and Jane-Ling Wang (Division of Statistics, UC Davis) will assist with data management and statistical analyses. The specific aims are to test the following hypotheses: (1) The interplay of aging modes will have fundamentally different effects on the life history characteristics of females: a. Females will live longer when they experience both modes of aging than if they experience one exclusively. b. females will lay more eggs in their lifetimes when they experience only the reproductive mode with continuous feeding on a full diet. c. The local characteristics of the mortality trajectory such as the timing of the mortality "shoulder" or the peak will shift when females experience both modes of aging; (2) The effects of dietary restriction on longevity are mediated through reductions in reproductive rates and costs; (3) The genes and mechanisms elevating longevity in waiting and reproductive mode are different, and possibly mutually exclusive; and (4) the effects of nutrition and reproduction on survival rates are mediated through changes in numbers of active ovadoles, modulations of yolk protein synthesis, and changes in hormone titers.