Manipulating the H2:CO ratio in syngas using staged catalysis and process conditions for targeted end-use applications.

城市固体废物目前利用不足，大多数最终被填埋或焚烧。城市固体废物（MSW）的热处理具有生产可持续合成气的巨大潜力，可直接用于发动机，涡轮机和锅炉，或加工生产一系列高价值的燃料和化学品。已经有几份报告强调了H2：CO比率对于产物合成气的最终用途应用的重要性。例如，Song和Guo描述了可能使用合成气来生产例如通过费托合成的液体燃料、高价值化学品合成气的性质，特别是H2：CO比，影响合成气的潜在最终用途合成，例如理想的H2：CO比，费托反应的CO比约为2.0，但加氢反应的最佳H2：CO比约为1.0 [3]。Mauriski和Wood [4]已经报道，取决于所用催化剂的类型和工艺条件，1.7 - 2.15之间的H2/CO比可用于生产液体烃燃料的费托工艺。1.5-2之间的H2/CO比也可用于生产甲醇或用于二甲醚合成。将使用一系列催化剂（例如单层/多层）和优化的反应器设计来探索MSW原料的分级催化，以生产具有特定最终用途应用（例如费托原料气）的目标H2：CO比的高质量合成气。催化剂在反应中起着重要的作用，然而它们遭受一系列问题，如失活、温度稳定性和选择性，因此将探索新的新型催化剂合成以解决当前的问题/限制。此外，越来越多的注意力集中在二氧化碳捕获上，因此将探索原位CO2捕获以改善产品组成和排放。分析技术，如SEM，TEM，XRD，XPS，GS-MC，HPLC，TPO，将用于研究催化剂，气体和任何液体组合物。 该项目的总体目标是开发一种用于城市固体废物（MSW）的热处理工艺，以生产高质量的合成气，该合成气具有适用于特定最终用途应用的指定H2：CO比例，同时了解工艺参数和催化剂对工艺的影响。本研究的目的如下：1.确定目标终端应用的最佳H2：CO比例。2.研究了水蒸气和CO2反应气氛对城市生活垃圾及其组分的热解催化重整的影响，以达到目标的H2：CO比.研究催化剂类型对MSW及其组分的蒸汽/CO2重整的影响，目的是生产具有高催化活性和稳定性的催化剂，该催化剂与合成气生产和减少的碳形成有关，以最大限度地提高氢气和一氧化碳的产量。研究最佳工艺参数，以最大限度地提高H2和CO在合成气生产从蒸汽/CO2重整MSW热解气体，如催化剂温度，催化剂比和蒸汽/CO2流量. 5.研究工艺中的附加阶段，以使合成气生产中的H2和CO最大化，例如通过CO2捕获或蒸汽/CO2添加。

Municipal solid waste is currently underutilised with most ending up in landfill or being incinerated. The thermal processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) has great potential to produce sustainable syngas that can used directly in engines, turbines and boilers or be processed to produce a range of high value fuels and chemicals. There have been several reports which highlight the importance of the H2:CO ratio in relation to the end use application of the product syngas. For example, Song and Guo describe the range of syntheses possible using syngas to produce, for example liquid fuels through Fischer Tropsch synthesis, high value chemicals (e.g. aldehydes and alcohols) through the hydroformylation reaction, production of methanol through catalytic reaction with syngas etc. The properties of the syngas, in particular the H2:CO ratio, influence the potential end-use synthesis of the syngas, for example an ideal H2:CO ratio for Fischer Tropsch is around 2.0, but for the hydroformylation reaction the optimum H2:CO ratio is around 1.0 [3]. Majewski and Wood [4] have reported that a H2/CO ratio between 1.7, 2.15 can be used for Fischer Tropsch processing for the production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, depending on the type of catalyst used and the process conditions. A H2/CO ratio between 1.5-2 can also be used for production of methanol or for dimethyl-ether synthesis. Staged catalysis of MSW feedstock will be explored using a range of catalysts (e.g. single/multi-layered) and optimised reactor(s) design to produce high quality syngas with targeted H2:CO ratio for a particular end-use application e.g. Fischer-Tropsch feedstock gas. Catalysts play an important part in reactions however they suffer from a range of issues from deactivation, temperature stability, and selectivity thus new novel catalysts synthesis will be explored to address current issues/limitations. Additionally, increased attention is focusing on carbon dioxide capture therefore in-situ CO2 capture to improve product composition and emissions will be explored. Analytical techniques such as SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, GS-MC, HPLC, TPO, will be used to investigate catalysts, gases and any liquid compositions. The over aim of the project is to develop a thermal process for municipal solid waste (MSW) to produce high quality syngas with a defied H2:CO ratio adaptable for particular end-use applications, together with an understanding of the influences of process parameters and catalysts on the process. Objectives of this research are as follows:1. Identify optimum H2:CO ratio for targeted end use applications.2. Investigation of the influence of steam and CO2 reaction atmospheres on the pyrolysis-catalytic reforming of MSW and its components towards targeted H2:CO ratios.3. Investigation of the influence of catalyst type for the steam/CO2 reforming of MSW and its components possessing with the aim of producing catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability in relation to syngas production and reduced carbon formation to maximise hydrogen and carbon monoxide production.4. Investigation of the optimum process parameter to maximise H2 and CO in the syngas production from the steam/CO2 reforming of MSW pyrolysis gases e.g. catalyst temperature, catalyst ratio and steam/CO2 flow rate.5. Investigation of additional stage(s) in the process to maximise H2 and CO in the syngas production e.g. via CO2 capture or steam/CO2 addition.