Aqueous phase reforming of biomass-derived carbohydrates, ethanol and glycerol for H2 generation with minimized CO formation for fuel cell applications.

对生物质衍生的碳水化合物、乙醇和甘油进行水相重整以产生氢气，同时最大限度地减少燃料电池应用中二氧化碳的形成。

• 批准号: 326868-2010
• 负责人: Xu, Chunbao(Charles)
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=509976
• 关键词: Aqueous; phase; reforming; biomass; derived

Research on the production of hydrogen from bio-renewable resources has been greatly catalyzed by the increasing concerns over greenhouse gas emissions, and the rapid development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as well as its application to hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs). The greatest challenge for the commercialization and market approval of HFCVs is hydrogen storage owing to the extremely low density of H2. On-board generation of hydrogen by catalytic steam reforming of bio-renewable resources has attracted increasing interest in recent years, while the main issues related the existing steam reforming processes, operating at a high temperature (>600-800°C), are the energy costs and the formation of the detrimental by-products of alkanes/tar/char/carbon monoxide. The presence of carbon monoxide (CO) in the fuel gas would deactivate the platinum-electrode in the fuel cell unit by blocking the active surface due to the strong affinity of CO to platinum. The proposed research program aims to generate hydrogen with minimized CO formation (<50 ppm) from glucose, ethanol and glycerol (a byproduct of bio-diesel industry) at low temperatures (<350°C). By employing a novel catalytic two-step process, glucose or ethanol or glycerol will be gasified into a hydro-rich gas product in aqueous phase in the first reactor operating at 250-350°C/150 bar with catalysts. The effluent will be further introduced into the subsequent reactor operating at 200-300°C/15 bar with different catalysts to shift CO to CO2 and H2. After purification, the hydrogen stream may be used for PEMFCs. An expected outcome from the research program will thus be the development of on-board hydrogen generation technologies using renewable feedstock for fuel cell applications. Canada is a country that holds a world-leading position in the development of bio-economy and fuel cell technologies, and is blessed with abundant biomass resources in the forms of forestry and agricultural residues. The success of this research program would strengthen Canada's leading position in the development of bio-economy and fuel cell technologies, and would yield significant environmental and economic benefits to Canada and beyond.

对生物可再生资源生产氢的研究已被人们对温室气体排放的越来越多，质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的迅速发展以及在氢燃料燃料电池汽车（HFCVS）中的应用促进。 HFCV的商业化和市场认可最大的挑战是由于H2的密度极低，氢存储。通过催化蒸汽改革，生物可再生资源的催化蒸汽在董事会上产生氢，近年来引起了人们的兴趣，而主要问题与现有的蒸汽重整过程（在高温下运行（> 600-800°C））是能源成本和形成，是烷烃/char/char/char/char/char/char/carbon Monexide的耐药性副产品的形成。由于CO与铂金的强亲和力，燃料电池单元中的铂 - 电极在燃料电池单位中的存在将使铂电极中的铂电极停用。拟议的研究计划旨在在低温下（<350°C）的葡萄糖，乙醇和甘油（生物柴油行业的副产品）以最小化的CO形成（<50 ppm）产生氢。通过采用新型的催化两步过程，在第一个以250-350°C/150 bar的水性相机中，葡萄糖，乙醇或甘油将在水相中以水相中的水为富含水力的气体产量。该效率将进一步引入以200-300°C/15 bar运行的后续反应器，并以不同的催化剂向CO向CO2和H2转移。纯化后，氢气流可用于PEMFC。因此，研究计划的预期结果将是使用可再生原料用于燃料电池应用的机载氢生成技术的发展。加拿大是一个在生物经济和燃料电池技术发展方面拥有世界领先地位的国家，并在林业和农业残留物的形式中拥有丰富的生物量资源。该研究计划的成功将加强加拿大在生物经济和燃料电池技术发展中的领先地位，并将为加拿大及其他地区带来巨大的环境和经济利益。