Aqueous phase reforming of biomass-derived carbohydrates, ethanol and glycerol for H2 generation with minimized CO formation for fuel cell applications.

对生物质衍生的碳水化合物、乙醇和甘油进行水相重整以产生氢气，同时最大限度地减少燃料电池应用中二氧化碳的形成。

• 批准号: 326868-2010
• 负责人: Xu, Chunbao(Charles)
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=526723
• 关键词: Aqueous; phase; reforming; biomass; derived

Research on the production of hydrogen from bio-renewable resources has been greatly catalyzed by the increasing concerns over greenhouse gas emissions, and the rapid development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as well as its application to hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs). The greatest challenge for the commercialization and market approval of HFCVs is hydrogen storage owing to the extremely low density of H2. On-board generation of hydrogen by catalytic steam reforming of bio-renewable resources has attracted increasing interest in recent years, while the main issues related the existing steam reforming processes, operating at a high temperature (>600-800°C), are the energy costs and the formation of the detrimental by-products of alkanes/tar/char/carbon monoxide. The presence of carbon monoxide (CO) in the fuel gas would deactivate the platinum-electrode in the fuel cell unit by blocking the active surface due to the strong affinity of CO to platinum. The proposed research program aims to generate hydrogen with minimized CO formation (<50 ppm) from glucose, ethanol and glycerol (a byproduct of bio-diesel industry) at low temperatures (<350°C). By employing a novel catalytic two-step process, glucose or ethanol or glycerol will be gasified into a hydro-rich gas product in aqueous phase in the first reactor operating at 250-350°C/150 bar with catalysts. The effluent will be further introduced into the subsequent reactor operating at 200-300°C/15 bar with different catalysts to shift CO to CO2 and H2. After purification, the hydrogen stream may be used for PEMFCs. An expected outcome from the research program will thus be the development of on-board hydrogen generation technologies using renewable feedstock for fuel cell applications. Canada is a country that holds a world-leading position in the development of bio-economy and fuel cell technologies, and is blessed with abundant biomass resources in the forms of forestry and agricultural residues. The success of this research program would strengthen Canada's leading position in the development of bio-economy and fuel cell technologies, and would yield significant environmental and economic benefits to Canada and beyond.

随着温室气体排放问题的日益严重、质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的迅速发展及其在氢燃料电池汽车（HFCV）上的应用，生物可再生资源制氢的研究得到了极大的推动。氢氟碳化物商业化和市场批准的最大挑战是氢的储存，因为氢气的密度极低。近年来，通过生物可再生资源的催化蒸汽重整在船上产生氢气吸引了越来越多的兴趣，而与在高温（>600-800°C）下操作的现有蒸汽重整工艺相关的主要问题是能量成本和烷烃/焦油/焦炭/一氧化碳的有害副产物的形成。燃料气体中一氧化碳（CO）的存在会由于CO对铂的强亲和力而通过阻塞活性表面而使燃料电池单元中的铂电极失活。拟议的研究计划旨在在低温（<350°C）下从葡萄糖，乙醇和甘油（生物柴油工业的副产品）中产生最小化CO形成（<50 ppm）的氢气。通过采用新的催化两步法，葡萄糖或乙醇或甘油将在第一反应器中在水相中气化成富含氢的气体产物，所述第一反应器在250-350°C/150巴下用催化剂操作。将流出物进一步引入到在200-300°C/15巴下使用不同催化剂操作的后续反应器中，以将CO转化为CO2和H2。纯化后，氢气流可用于PEMFC。因此，该研究计划的预期成果将是开发使用可再生原料用于燃料电池应用的车载制氢技术。加拿大是一个在生物经济和燃料电池技术发展方面处于世界领先地位的国家，并拥有丰富的林业和农业剩余物形式的生物质资源。这项研究计划的成功将加强加拿大在生物经济和燃料电池技术发展方面的领先地位，并将为加拿大和其他国家带来重大的环境和经济效益。