COMMUNITY SURVEILLANCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE--RISK F

明尼苏达州心脏调查（MHS）最新调查（1995- 1997）的数据表明，以前心血管危险因素水平的有利趋势正在减弱。吸烟和自我报告的膳食脂肪摄入量继续下降，但平均体重大幅快速上升，体力活动减少，血清总胆固醇的下降不再明显。这些趋势在未来可能会持续，也可能不会。作为明尼苏达州心脏调查的一部分，我们建议在2000- 2002年对4000名年龄在25-84岁之间的成年人进行另一项人口调查，以检测心血管疾病危险因素的当前趋势，包括血脂、血压、吸烟率、饮食脂肪摄入量、肥胖、糖尿病、缺乏运动、纤维蛋白原和血清维生素e。拟议的调查将建立在1980-82年、1985-87年、1990-92年进行的四项独立横断面调查的基础上。1995年至1997年，该研究对明尼阿波利斯-圣路易斯市的23,000名成年人进行了调查。保罗（1990年有230万居民）。使用与先前调查相同的抽样策略，家庭将通过两阶段聚类设计随机选择。将使用以前采用的方法测量心血管疾病的各种危险因素。队列和生态分析将把同一人群中冠心病、充血性心力衰竭和中风的发病率和死亡率的危险因素的长期趋势联系起来。为了估计儿童和青少年的危险因素水平，还将招募1 000名年龄在8-17岁的青年，即选定成年人的后代，并酌情使用针对青年的测量工具（例如，体育活动和吸烟）进行检查。提出了新的方法研究，以了解报告的饮食摄入量的趋势，这与体重和血清胆固醇的趋势是不可调和的。将收集有关休闲时间缺乏运动和饮食验证措施的新信息。连续确定人群中的危险因素水平对于理解、预测和控制心血管疾病的人群趋势至关重要。明尼苏达心脏调查一直是，并将继续提供，一个强大的资源来检查心血管疾病风险因素的长期趋势。

Data from the most recent survey (1995-97) of the Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) indicate that previously favorable trends in cardiovascular risk factor levels are attenuating. While cigarette smoking and self-reported dietary fat intake continued to decline, mean body weight rose substantially and rapidly, physical activity decreased, and the previous decline in serum total cholesterol was no longer apparent. These trends may or may not continue in the future. As part of the Minnesota Heart Survey, we propose to conduct another population survey of 4,000 adults, ages 25-84 years in 2000-02, to detect current trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors, including serum lipids, blood pressure, cigarette smoking prevalence, dietary fat intake, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, fibrinogen, and serum vitamin E. The proposed survey will build upon four previous, independent cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1980-82, 1985-87, 1990-92, and 1995-97, which collectively examined 23,000 adults in the metropolitan Minneapolis-St. Paul (2.3 million residents in 1990). Using a sampling strategy identical to that of prior surveys, households will be randomly selected by a two-stage cluster design. A wide range of risk factors for cardiovascular disease will be measured using previously employed methods. Cohort and ecological analyses will link secular trends in risk factors to morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke within the same population. To estimate risk factor levels in children and adolescents, 1,000 youth ages 8-17, offspring of selected adults, will also be recruited and examined using youth-specific measurement instruments where appropriate (e.g., physical activity and smoking). New methodological studies are proposed to understand trends in reported dietary intake which are irreconcilable with trends in body weight and serum cholesterol. New information will be collected on measures of leisure time physical inactivity and diet validation. Serial ascertainment of risk factor levels in populations is crucial to understanding, predicting, and controlling population trends in cardiovascular disease. The Minnesota Heart Survey has been, and continues to offer, a powerful resource to examine long-term trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors.