The Development of Conduct Disorder in Girls

描述(申请人提供)：目前还没有关于女童品行障碍(CD)发展的主要研究。因此，人们对CD的发展途径、其共病情况以及可能解释其发展的风险和保护因素知之甚少。这项建议是关于女童品行障碍发展的一项重大研究的五年后续行动的第二阶段(N=2,451)。在研究的第一阶段，从匹兹堡市随机抽取了5-8岁的女孩作为样本，统计了103,238户家庭的数据。由此产生的每年随访的随机样本包括4个5岁、6岁、7岁和8岁的女孩(每组约N=600)，在最不利的社区略有过多的女孩，以增加研究中Cd的最终产量。到目前为止，女孩、她们的父母(通常是母亲)和她们的老师每年接受两次评估，计划在第一阶段的第三年也就是最后一年进行第三次评估。第二次评估尚未完成，参与者的合作程度很高(超过95%)。 在拟议的第二阶段研究中，当女孩年龄在8岁到15岁之间时，我们计划继续每年一次的评估。我们预计，在此期间，CD的患病率将会增加，其他破坏性行为的患病率和严重程度也会增加，包括青少年犯罪、内化问题、特别是抑郁情绪和创伤后应激障碍，以及躯体形式障碍的症状。研究第二阶段的目的是：1)检验女孩行为问题和诊断的内容、汇聚性和预测性有效性；2)确定行为障碍和破坏性行为的发展模式；3)确定共病问题在行为问题的发展和过程中的作用；4)建立一个风险和保护因素的模型，该模型具有发育特点，可以解释为什么女孩在青春期后出现和恶化许多问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There are no major studies on the development of Conduct Disorder (CD) in girls. As a consequence, little is known about the developmental pathways to CD, its comorbid conditions, and risk and protective factors that might explain its development with or without comorbid conditions. This proposal is for Phase 2 of a five-year follow-up of a major study on the development of Conduct Disorder in girls (N=2,451). In Phase 1 of the study, a random sample of 5-8 year-old girls was drawn from the city of Pittsburgh though a enumeration of 103,238 households. The resulting random sample for yearly follow-up consisted of four cohorts of 5, 6, 7, and 8 year-old girls (about N=600 in each of the four cohorts), with a slight overrepresentation of girls in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods to increase the eventual yield of CD in the study. So far, the girls, their parent (usually the mother), and their teacher have been assessed twice at a yearly interval, and a third assessment is planned for the third and final year of Phase 1. Participant cooperation in the second assessment which is not yet completed has been very high (over 95%). In the proposed Phase 2 of the study, when the girls will be between the ages of 8 and 15, we plan to continue yearly assessments. We anticipate that during this period, the prevalence of CD will increase, as will the prevalence and severity of other disruptive behaviors including delinquency, internalizing problems, particularly depressed mood and PTSD, and symptoms of somatoform disorder. The aims of Phase 2 of the study are: 1) Examine the content, convergent and predictive validity of conduct problems and diagnosis of Conduct Disorder in girls; 2) Identify developmental models of Conduct Disorder and disruptive behavior; 3) Identify the role of comorbid problems in the development and course of conduct problems; and 4) Produce a model of risk and protective factors that is developmentally specific and that can explain why many problems in girls emerge and worsen after puberty.