Development of Substance Use in Girls

女性吸毒的长期发展，与毒品有关的问题，以及 人们对物质使用障碍(SODS)知之甚少。至少在两个方面，雌性出现了 与男性相比，他们更容易受到药物滥用和依赖的影响：她们证明 从开始使用到SUD的开发速度更快，开发倾向更高 共同病态的精神变态。此外，早期开始使用药物有更高的风险。 与男性相比，女性中发育出了一种性器官功能障碍。建议的主要目标是 研究是调查向频繁使用药物发展的早期阶段， 与物质相关的问题，以及SUD。该提案描述了NIMH资助的一个子研究 匹兹堡女孩研究(N=2451；52%非裔美国人，41%高加索人)，调查 四个年龄段女孩反社会行为和犯罪的发展，最初 主要研究目前正在进行第五次年度评估(9至12岁)，以及 将再持续4年。拟议的研究要求继续提供先前的资金 NIDA，支持审查前体和相关的解释因素 与女孩早期使用药物有关。建议的研究，通过五年的跟踪调查 对儿童、主要照顾者和教师的评估，将这一调查扩展到 从10岁到17岁的发育期，我们预计女孩的物质使用，物质- 相关问题，以及并存的情况将会增加。拟议研究的目的是 到：(1)描述女孩在从 儿童进入青春期；物质内部和物质之间；(2)检查发展 女孩使用药物的顺序与共病的发展过程 条件，特别是精神病理学和其他行为问题；和(3)决定 不同疾病的近端和远端风险和保护因素(一般和女性特有) 女孩使用物质的发育顺序。这三个目标，与 已经收集的早期药物使用和态度的数据将把儿童因素与 青春期的药物使用。匹兹堡女孩研究是少数几项研究之一 美国可以研究从童年到青春期的这些关系。

The long-term development of female substance use, substance-related problems, and substance use disorders (SUDs) is poorly understood. In at least two ways, females appear more vulnerable to substance abuse and dependence compared to males: they demonstrate more rapid development from onset of use to SUD, and a higher propensity to develop comorbid psychopathology. In addition, early onset of substance use carries a higher risk of developing an SUD among females compared with males. The main goal of the proposed research is to investigate the early phases in the development towards frequent substance use, substance-related problems, and SUD. This proposal describes a substudy to the NIMH-funded Pittsburgh Girls Study (N = 2,451; 52% African-American, 41% Caucasian), an investigation of the development of antisocial behavior and delinquency in four age cohorts of girls, initially assessed at ages 5 to 8. The main study is now in its fifth yearly assessment (ages 9 to 12), and will continue for another 4 years. The proposed study requests a continuation of earlier funding by NIDA, which supported examination of the precursors and explanatory factors associated with girls' early substance use. The proposed research, through five yearly follow-up assessments of the child, the main caretaker, and teachers, extends this line of inquiry into the developmental period from age 10 to 17, when we expect that girls' substance use, substance- related problems, and comorbid conditions will increase. The aims of the proposed research are to: (1) describe developmental sequences of substance use by girls during the transition from childhood into adolescence within and across substances; (2) examine developmental sequences of substance use by girls in conjunction with the developmental course of comorbid conditions, especially psychopathology and other behavior problems; and (3) determine proximal and distal risk and protective factors (both generic and female-specific) for different developmental sequences of substance use by girls. These three aims, in conjunction with the data on early substance use and attitudes already collected, will link childhood factors to substance use during adolescence. The Pittsburgh Girl Study is one of the very few studies in the USA that can examine these relationships from childhood through adolescence.