Spatial Orientation of the Mollusk Clione Limacina

描述：（申请人提供） 该提案使用海洋软体动物Clione limacina作为模型， 研究一种常见的行为;对重力场的定向。东方克里昂 在水柱中，通过机翼和尾翼处于抬头位置 动作这些运动响应来自平衡囊器官的信号， 保持垂直姿势。平衡囊器官含有一个小结石， 耳石，位于感觉毛细胞上，并在这些细胞上移动 通过动物在重力场中位置的变化。后 干扰，改变身体的位置，信号从平衡囊是 整合在大脑神经节中， 对翅膀和尾部运动神经元的冲动模式，从而减少 平衡囊向其之前的状态发出信号。虽然一个看似直 前向负反馈回路似乎是所涉及的基本机制， 行为实际上需要三个功能之间的复杂协调 元件;平衡受体，中枢神经系统中间神经元和翅膀和尾巴运动 神经元除了平衡反应，动物还可以参与 另一种相关的行为被称为狩猎。在狩猎过程中， 平衡反应消失了，动物参与了似乎是 对周围环境的随机循环扫描我们假设基本上 不稳定的垂直导向机制需要中央政府之间的协调 用于机翼运动和尾翼运动， 激活大脑神经节和大脑皮层之间的传出联系， 平衡囊中受体细胞的网格。为了证明这一假设，我们将 使用行为、电生理和建模研究的组合。我们 还假设大脑神经节和平衡囊之间的特定反馈 受体与受体神经元之间的抑制性相互联系， 能够刺激一种复杂的狩猎搜索行为， 摆在三维空间中的运动。行为分析将 在稳定飞行期间，量化机翼和尾翼运动之间的相位关系 和不安的行为电生理学是必要的， 细胞对平衡囊输出的反应和计算分析将 使用三种不同的模型来确定哪一种最能捕捉到突出的特征 平衡和狩猎响应的特点最准确， 为这两种不同行为的产生提供了理论依据。

DESCRIPTION:(provided by applicant) This proposal uses the marine mollusc Clione limacina as a model with which to study a common behavior; orientation to the gravitational field. Clione orients itself in the water column, in the heads-up position by means of wing and tail movements. These movements respond to signals from the statocyst organ to maintain a vertical position. The statocyst organ contains a small stone, the statolith, that rests on sensory hair cells and is moved around on these cells by changes in the animal's position in the gravitational field. After a disturbance which changes body position, signals from the statocysts are integrated in the cerebral ganglion which generates the correct spatio-temporal pattern of impulses to the wing and tail motor neurons thus reducing the statocyst signal to its previous condition. Although a seemingly straight forward negative feedback loop appears to be the basic mechanism involved, the behavior actually requires a complex coordination between three functional elements; equilibrium receptors, CNS interneurons and the wing and tail motor neurons. In addition to the equilibrium response, the animal can engage in another related behavior known as hunting. During hunting, the normal equilibrium response disappears and the animal engages in what appears to be random circular sweeps of its environment. We hypothesize that the basically unstable vertical orientation mechanism requires coordination between the CPGs for both wing movements and tail movements and the hunting mechanism involves the activation of efferent connections between the cerebral ganglion and the lattice of receptor cells in the statocyst. To prove this hypothesis we will use a combination of behavioral, electrophysiological and modeling studies. We also hypothesize that specific feedback among cerebral ganglia and statocyst receptors together with inhibitory interconnections among receptor neurons is able to stimulate a complex hunting search behavior that resembles the chaotic motion of a pendulum in three dimensional space. The behavioral analysis will quantify the phase relationships between wing and tail movements during stable and perturbed behaviors. The electrophysiology is necessary to describe the cellular responses to statocyst output and the computational analysis will employ three different models to determine which best captures the salient features of the equilibrium and hunting responses most accurately and to provide a theoretical basis for the production of the two different behaviors.