Maximising positive impacts of climate finance by linking biodiversity conservation, the promotion of gender equality, and climate change adaptation

我读博士的目的有两个：1。确定如何利用气候资金最大限度地发挥其对生物多样性保护和促进性别平等的影响。假设：在某些情况下，气候融资可以用于生物多样性保护和促进性别平等。分析将生物多样性保护和性别平等纳入气候融资如何能够创造一个正反馈循环，促进气候变化适应和减缓。假设：利用气候融资促进生物多样性保护和性别平等，对适应和减缓气候变化产生积极影响。利用气候融资与其他发展目标共同受益，这些目标不直接适用于气候行动，但仍未得到充分探索（Aguilar等人，2015 Cela等人，2013）。气候融资对其他可持续发展目标的协同效益反过来可能产生正反馈循环，有助于实施气候变化适应和减缓行动（OECD, 2013， Mant等人，2014）。生物多样性和生态系统服务在适应和减缓气候变化方面的作用已得到充分确认（世界银行，2009年，欧洲委员会，2009年）。迄今为止，关于气候融资可能对生物多样性保护产生的积极影响（可持续发展目标15）的文献存在特别的差距，尽管已有记录表明气候变化行动与生物多样性保护之间存在权衡的例子（Nelson, 2008）。有必要确定气候融资能够为生物多样性保护提供额外效益的条件（联邦环境部，2017）。现有的学术研究也在很大程度上忽视了在旨在应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失的项目中赋权和整合代表性不足的群体（特别是妇女，可持续发展目标5）的潜在好处（Adams, 2014）。关于性别与气候变化之间联系的早期研究和认识的提高主要是将女性置于易受气候影响的角度（OECD， 2015年Claire International， 2010年Neumayer & Plumper， 2007年）。这种框架使妇女与适应气候变化之间的联系比妇女与缓解和技术等领域之间的联系对政策制定者更有意义。因此，就缓解问题而言，涉及性别的决定是最少的，对性别问题敏感的缓解行动没有指导性授权（Aguilar等人，2015年b）。经常将妇女排除在气候行动之外也造成了经济效率低下，因为她们的当地知识和专长可以用于实施气候变化行动和生物多样性保护（联合国，2009年）。拟议中的博士学位正是为了解决这些差距。

The purpose of my PhD is twofold:1. To identify how climate finance can be used to maximise the impact on biodiversity conservation and the promotion of gender equality.Hypothesis: Climate finance, in certain circumstances, can be used to co-benefit biodiversity conservation and the promotion of gender equality.2. To analyse how the integration of biodiversity conservation and gender equality into climate finance can create a positive feedback loop, contributing to climate changeadaptation and mitigation.Hypothesis: Using climate finance to promote biodiversity conservation and gender equality results in a positive impact on climate change adaptation and mitigation.The use of climate finance to co-benefit other development goals, which do not fit directly under climate action, remains underexplored (Aguilar et al., 2015 Cela et al., 2013). Theco-benefits of climate finance on other SDGs could conversely generate a positive feedback loop, contributing to the implementation of climate change adaptation andmitigation actions (OECD, 2013 Mant et al., 2014).The role of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the adaptation and mitigation of climate change is well established (The World Bank, 2009 European Commission, 2009).Hitherto, there is a particular gap in the literature on the positive effects that climate finance could have on biodiversity conservation (SDG 15), even though examples of existing tradeoffsbetween climate change action and biodiversity conservation has been documented (Nelson, 2008). There is a need to determine conditions under which climate financing can provide additional benefits to biodiversity conservation (The Federal Environment Ministry, 2017). The existing scholarship also largely overlooks the potential benefits of empowering and integrating underrepresented groups (especially women, SDG 5) in programmes aimedat fighting climate change and biodiversity loss (Adams, 2014). Early research and awareness raising on the linkages between gender and climate change predominantly framed women in terms of their vulnerability to climate impacts (OECD, 2015 Claire International, 2010 Neumayer & Plumper, 2007). This framing made the link between women and climate change adaptation more relevant to policymakers than the link of women to areas such as mitigation and technology. Consequently, decisions that reference gender are the lowest for mitigation issues, with no guiding mandate for gender-sensitive mitigation actions (Aguilar et al., 2015b). The frequent exclusion of women fromclimate actions also constitutes an economic inefficiency, as their local knowledge and expertise could be used to implement climate change action and biodiversity conservation (United Nations, 2009).The proposed PhD aims precisely at addressing these gaps.