Self-Regulatory Focus Theory & Smoking Cessation

描述（由申请人提供）：自我调节焦点理论（Higgins， 1997）区分了人们寻求接近快乐和避免痛苦的两种方式。 在促销活动中，人们试图实现愿望并满足他们的需求。 理想;他们对收益与非收益的信息敏感， 接近战术在预防重点，人们试图不辜负 责任和保持安全;他们对损失与非损失敏感 信息和首选回避策略。鼓励吸烟的最大努力 戒烟者采取预防重点，强调危险（例如，肺 癌症），并淡化推广重点，这将突出 要实现的增益（例如，健康的感觉）。该项目测试了 自我调节重点与吸烟的相关性。在研究1中，经常吸烟者（N = 84)将完成一个具体的，计算机化的个人测量， 调节焦点的差异，沿着自我报告的乐观， 抑郁症状和戒烟的动机。这些措施将 一个月后重测，重测信度和判别效度 将对监管重点措施进行评估。在研究2中（N = 55例常规 吸烟者），监管重点措施将与吸烟结果相关 期望在研究3中，调节焦点将被操纵， 参与者（N = 128名经常吸烟者）描述他们的愿望 （促进）或他们的责任感（预防）发生了变化。有能力的国家 促进重点应更好地记住涉及方法应对的小插曲， 而那些以预防为重点的人应该更好地记住 回避应对如果结果支持自我监管重点的适用性 与吸烟理论相比，这可能会对改善动机产生影响 戒烟计划中的呼吁。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Self-regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997) distinguishes two ways people seek to approach pleasure and avoid pain. In the promotion focus people attempt to achieve aspirations and meet their ideals; they are sensitive to information about gains vs. non-gains and prefer approach tactics. In the prevention focus people try to live up to responsibilities and remain safe; they are sensitive to loss vs. non-loss information and prefer avoidance tactics. Most efforts to motivate cigarette smokers to abstain adopt a prevention focus, emphasizing dangers (e.g., lung cancer) to be averted, and downplay the promotion focus, which would highlight gains to be achieved (e.g., feelings of wellness). This project tests the relevance of self-regulatory focus to smoking. In study 1 regular smokers (N = 84) will complete an idiographic, computerized measure of individual differences in regulatory focus, along with self-reports of optimism, depressive symptoms, and motives for quitting smoking. These measures will be repeated one month later, and the retest reliability and discriminant validity of the regulatory focus measure will be evaluated. In study 2 (N = 55 regular smokers), the regulatory focus measure will be correlated with smoking outcome expectancies. In study 3, regulatory focus will be manipulated by asking participants (N = 128 regular smokers) to describe how their aspirations (promotion) or their sense of obligation (prevention) have changed. Those in a promotion focus should better remember vignettes involving approach coping, whereas those in a prevention focus should better remember vignettes of avoidance coping. If results support the applicability of self-regulatory focus theory to smoking, this could have implications for improving motivational appeals in smoking cessation programs.