To what extent are the rights of disabled individuals upheld in the Welfare Systems of both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

2016年，联合王国（英国）被裁定在福利立法改革后，犯下了十项严重和系统性违反《残疾人权利公约》的行为，使60多万残疾人没有资格获得福利支持（联合国，2016年）。2018年，爱尔兰共和国（爱尔兰）批准了《残疾人权利公约》。该项目将比较联合王国和爱尔兰允许残疾人福利支助的立法措施。对该项目特别重要的是联合王国2012年《福利改革法》和2014年《护理法》以及爱尔兰2005年《社会福利综合法》和2016年《社会福利法》中的措施。该项目将有助于国际比较法律的研究的新兴奖学金，重点是将CRPD纳入国内法（例如Waddlington和Lawson 2018）。法律的比较的分析方法和语境中的法律方法（货车Hoecke 2015）将被用来阐明宗教价值观，意识形态的变化和法律编纂的人权的出现可能影响了一个国家的现代法律的体系，并确定了法律的实际影响与其撰写意图不同的领域。这将是第一次对残疾福利条款进行比较一个缔约国，由于其最近批准了《残疾人权利公约》，尚未对其遵守《残疾人权利公约》的情况进行有力的分析，迄今为止，唯一一个缔约国的立法被认为违反了《残疾人权利公约》。比较还将借鉴这些国家历史上对残疾问题的不同社会观点及其对立法发展和解释的影响。这将需要对有关的历史和法律的文件进行理论和档案研究。该项目建立在我的法学硕士论文的基础上，该论文考虑了2016年至2018年期间英国法律的变化如何影响了它仍然违反CRPD的程度。其中一章被编辑出版在诺丁汉法律杂志上，作为案例评论。我在人权和司法法学硕士（区别）和我的法学学士（一等）为我提供了必要的这项研究的理论法律的技能。这些技能通过我与残疾人倡导团体成员和NTU自闭症法律服务创始人的专业关系得到补充，这些关系使我了解残疾人因现行英国法律而面临的真实的挑战。本项目将确定英国和爱尔兰残疾人福利法律和政策符合CRPD的程度。该项目的中心目标是：“查明联合王国和爱尔兰关于残疾问题的不同历史观点如何影响现代立法及其解释;”确定爱尔兰残疾人福利法的哪些方面目前符合《残疾人权利公约》，如果有的话;”查明联合王国和爱尔兰残疾人福利法之间的重大差异;“确定在联合王国法律仍然受到违反的情况下，是否适宜将本研究确定为符合《残疾人权利公约》的爱尔兰条款改编并移植到联合王国法律中。爱尔兰的福利法已被选为比较英国的法律，由于爱尔兰的最近批准的残疾人权利公约和其文化和经济的相似性，以英国。为了上下文之间的差异法律的系统，这个项目还将分析如何历史上不同的方法，以残疾人和他们的保护已经反映在英国和爱尔兰的法律，他们的解释法院。分析不同的历史上持有的意识形态和宗教价值观是必要的，以了解如何残疾福利法在这两个国家的发展如此不同。

In 2016, the United Kingdom (UK) was held to have committed ten grave and systematic violations of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) following legislative reform to welfare benefits that left over 600,000 disabled individuals ineligible for welfare support (United Nations 2016). In 2018, the Republic of Ireland (Ireland) ratified the CRPD. This project will compare legislative measures from the UK and Ireland that allow for disability welfare support. Of particular importance to this project are measures found in the Welfare Reform Act 2012 and Care Act 2014 for the UK and the Social Welfare Consolidation Act 2005 and Social Welfare Act 2016 for Ireland. This project will contribute to the emerging scholarship of comparative international legal research that focuses on the implementation of the CRPD into domestic law (e.g. Waddlington and Lawson 2018). The analytical and the law-in-context methods of legal comparison (Van Hoecke 2015) will be used to illuminate how factors such as religious values, ideological changes and the advent of legally codified human rights may have influenced a nation's modern legal system and identify areas where the practical impact of law differs from the intention with which it was written.This will be the first comparison of disability welfare provisions of a State Party whose CRPD compliance has not yet been robustly analysed due to its recent ratification, with legislation from the only State Party to date to have been found in violation of the CRPD. The comparison will also draw on the historically differing societal views of disability in these States and their influence on legislative development and interpretation. This will require doctrinal and archival research of relevant historical and legal documents. This project builds on my LLM dissertation which considered how changes to UK law between 2016 and 2018 had affected the extent to which it remained in contravention of the CRPD. A chapter of this was edited for publication into in the Nottingham Law Journal as case commentary. My LLM in Human Rights and Justice (distinction) and my LLB (first class) have provided me with the doctrinal legal skills necessary for this research. These skills are complemented by my professional relationships with members of disability advocacy groups and the NTU Autism Law Service founder, which dispense an understanding of the real challenges disabled individuals are facing as a result of the current UK law.This project will identify the extent to which UK and Irish disability welfare law and policy complies with the CRPD. The central aims of this project are:" To ascertain how differing historical opinions regarding disability in both the UK and Ireland have impacted modern legislation and its interpretation;" To determine which aspects of Irish disability welfare law are currently in compliance with the CPRD, if any at all;" To identify the significant differences between UK and Irish disability welfare law;" To establish whether it would be appropriate to adapt and transpose into UK law Irish provisions which this research has identified as complying with the CRPD in instances where UK law remains in violation. Irish welfare law has been selected for comparison to UK law due to Ireland's recent ratification of the CRPD and its cultural and economic similarities to the UK.In order to contextualise differences between the legal systems, this project will also analyse how historically differing approaches to disabled individuals and their protection have been reflected in UK and Irish laws, and their interpretation by the courts. Analysis of differing historically held ideological and religious values is necessary to understand how disability welfare law has developed so differently in both States.