Genetic Control of Tubulin Function in Development

描述：生物学的一个基本问题是功能如何 形成三维单元结构。拟议的研究涉及 通过对微管功能的遗传和分子研究， 果蝇微管是真核生物中普遍存在的细胞器 许多细胞过程，包括细胞形状，细胞分裂， 纤毛和鞭毛的运动性。微管的基本亚基是α， β-微管蛋白异二聚体。多细胞真核生物表达多种微管蛋白 在多基因家族中编码的同种型;另外的微管蛋白多样性是 由翻译后修饰产生。每个微管结构都是 独特的超分子结构，功能模式和全谱 组成蛋白质。因此，不同的基于微管的结构的组装 依赖于微管蛋白异二聚体之间的相互作用，以及微管蛋白和 其他蛋白质。拟议的研究重点是微管蛋白多样性的作用 确定微管组装和功能的特异性。因为 微管阵列在所有生物体中是相似的， 果蝇与理解其他哺乳动物中微管的功能直接相关。 物种，包括脊椎动物。 这项研究的第一个目标是确定微管蛋白在 在指定不同类别的 微管这些研究作为一个模型系统分析的多重 精子发生中的微管过程 β 2-微管蛋白同种型。主要焦点是能动轴丝的组装， 存在于动物、植物和原生生物中的高度保守的细胞器。一个主要 目的是确定不同的分子机制， 精子鞭毛轴丝的微管蛋白相关组分被指定。的 拟议工作的第二个目标是确定差别化的作用， 不同微管蛋白亚型在发育和细胞中的表达 分化这些研究主要集中在分析 神经元模式中的基本的、结构上不同的β 3-微管蛋白同种型 在发育中的成年视觉系统和幼虫的机械感觉器官中。 在分化过程中瞬时β 3表达具有永久性后果 对细胞功能的影响，即使β 3不再存在。主要目的是 确定在发育过程中β 3-微管蛋白的瞬时表达 调节分化细胞中的微管细胞骨架。

DESCRIPTION:A fundamental question in biology is how functional three-dimensional cell structure is formed. The proposed research addresses this question by genetic and molecular studies of microtubule function in Drosophila melanogaster. Microtubules are ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles required for many cellular processes, including cell shape, cell division, and the motility of cilia and flagella. The basic subunit of microtubules is the alpha, Beta-tubulin heterodimer. Multicellular eukaryotes express multiple tubulin isoforms encoded in multi-gene families; additional tubulin diversity is generated by post-translational modifications. Each microtubule structure is unique in supramolecular architecture, mode of function, and total spectrum of constituent proteins. Assembly of different microtubule-based structures thus depends on interactions between tubulin heterodimers, and between tubulins and other proteins. The proposed research focuses on the role of tubulin diversity in determining the specificity of microtubule assembly and function. Because microtubule arrays are similar in all organisms, the results obtained in Drosophila are directly relevant to understanding microtubule function in other species, including vertebrates. The first goal of the proposed research is to determine the role of tubulin primary structure in specifying the architecture of different classes of microtubules. These studies use as a model system analysis of the multiple microtubule processes in spermatogenesis mediated by the testis-specific beta2-tubulin isoform. The primary focus is assembly of the motile axoneme, a deeply conserved organelle present in animals, plants, and protists. A major objective is to determine the molecular mechanisms by which distinct tubulin-associated components of the sperm flagella axoneme are specified. The second goal of the proposed work is to determine the role of differential expression of different tubulin isoforms in development and cell differentiation. These studies focus on analysis of the function of the essential, structurally divergent beta3-tubulin isoform in neuronal patterning in the developing adult visual system and in the larval mechanosensory organs. Transient beta3 expression during differentiation has permanent consequences for cell function, even when beta3 is no longer present. The primary aim is to determine how transient expression of beta3-tubulin during development modulates the microtubule cytoskeleton in the differentiated cell.