Essays on Technological Change and Contracting in Health Care Markets

我建议研究医疗保健市场（单付款人或多付款人医疗系统）的合同安排对医疗技术创新的影响。具体而言，我感兴趣的是NHS和制药部门之间的合同安排如何影响激励措施，以创新福利增强药物。总的来说，我对制药行业的工业组织感兴趣。目前的合同安排对产品一级的研发激励措施有什么影响？2.是否有合同/保险安排可以优化研发激励措施，以开发成本效益高的福利增强技术？3.专利制度如何影响制药部门的创新激励，以及它如何影响该部门的产业组织/市场结构？4.药品营销/广告对消费者福利有何影响？广告的选择扭曲影响是否抵消了药品市场的信息价值？

I propose to study the impact of contracting arrangements in healthcare markets (in single-payer or multi-payer health systems) on innovation in health technologies. Specifically, I am interested in how contracting arrangements between the NHS and the pharmaceutical sector impact incentives to innovate welfare-enhancing medicines. In general, I am interested in the industrial organistaion of the pharmaceutical sector.1. What effect do the current contracting arrangements have on R&D incentives at a product level?2. Are there contracting/insurance arrangements that can optimize R&D incentives to develop welfare-enhancing technologies that are cost-effective?3. How does the patent system impact incentives to innovate in the pharmaceutical sector, and how does it influence the industrial organization/market structure of the sector?4. What is the impact of marketing/advertising in pharmaceuticals on consumer welfare? Does the choice distorting impact of advertising offset the information value in pharmaceutical markets?