Depression Risk, Infant-Mother Attachment and Cortisol

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的目的是表征 个体差异在行为和压力方面的表现 反应性与幼儿期母婴互动 患抑郁症风险高的妇女所生的婴儿。重点抓好 这些差异的出现，在反应都在行为水平， 关于伴随这些神经内分泌差异的发展， 不同的行为模式我们建议促进 翻译研究在考虑这些问题：1）提供一个 2）发展家庭行为 协议，这将有助于理解个人的影响， 社会因素; 3）建立数据库基础设施， 分析心理健康个体变化的统计方法， 发展背景下的多层次影响; 4）应用最先进的技术 婴儿神经内分泌随时间变化的研究方法 功能及其与母婴社会功能随时间变化的关系 相互关系; 5）促进翻译研究活动， 博士前学生和博士后研究员通过参与 在此提出的研究项目，并与现有的培训协调 发展和临床心理学，儿科学，社会工作， 精神病学我们的研究项目是独一无二的，因为它提出了识别 有抑郁风险的怀孕女性，然后研究母亲和她们的 使用纵向方法出生的后代。我们将试图阐明 边缘系统功能的不同发展轨迹 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（LHPA）系统，取决于母婴 社会互动，这可能解释不同的心理健康结果。我们 也将确定是否存在早期可识别的生物学特征， 易受伤害的婴儿，他们后来发展成精神病理学。我们将评估 这些关系的调节者，并将它们与动态 行为和生物过程的双向性， 婴儿的发展。这项发展研究最终将导致 未来的资金，因为我们进一步了解个体差异， 精神疾病的发展，并确定工作模式，将指导 制定预防性干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of this project is to characterize the unfolding of individual differences in relation to behavioral and stress reactivity and maternal-infant interactions during early childhood development in infants born to women at high risk for depression. We will focus on the emergence of these differences in reactivity both at the behavioral level, and with respect to development of neuroendocrine differences that accompany these distinct patterns of behavior. We propose to facilitate the development of translational research in considering these issues by: 1) providing an environment for collegial interaction; 2) developing home-based behavioral protocols that will facilitate the understanding of influences of personal and social factors; 3) creating a database infrastructure that would facilitate statistical approaches for analyzing individual change in mental health and multilevel influences in a developmental context; 4) applying state-of- the-art methodologies for the study of change over time of infant neuroendocrine functioning and its relationship to change over time of maternal infant social interrelation; and 5) promoting translational research activities for pre-doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows through participation in the research project proposed here, and in coordination with existing training programs in developmental and clinical psychology, pediatrics, social work, and psychiatry. Our research project is unique in that it proposes to identify pregnant females at risk for depression, then study the mother and their offspring once born using a longitudinal approach. We will attempt to elucidate different developmental trajectories in the function of the limbic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) system, contingent on maternal-infant social interactions, which may explain different mental health outcomes. We will also determine whether there is an early and recognizable biological vulnerability in infants who later develop psychopathology. We will evaluate moderators of these relationships, and relate them to the dynamic bidirectionality of behavior and biological processes, keeping in perspective the infant's development. This developmental study will ultimately lead to future funding, as we further our understanding of individual differences in the development of mental illness, and define working models that will guide the design of preventive interventions.