Population Drinking Patterns & HIV Risk in Goa, India

描述(由申请人提供)：这项能力建设研究涉及印度和美国(US)研究人员的跨学科团队之间的合作，旨在测试有关印度果阿艾滋病毒感染风险因素的假设。我们团队最近的研究，包括印度正在进行的研究表明，大量饮酒会显著增加健康风险，包括危险的恋爱行为。这项研究将包括对总体饮酒模式(不仅是平均饮酒量)及其与已知的增加艾滋病毒感染风险的危险行为(如与高危伴侣或暴力有关系)的关联进行详细评估。密集的形成性测量-改进阶段将包括关键线人、焦点小组和对小样本的深度访谈。衡量标准的选择将由美国和印度的方法工作提供参考。这些努力将加强调查和日常日记措施，并使其适用于果阿，以适应当地的文化情况。随后，将使用在印度验证的已建立的酒精筛查器(AUDIT和RAPS4)在城市和农村社区中分别从两个社区(总计N=2,000)中抽取500名男性和500名女性样本。这些样本包括目前饮酒者的四分之三女性和男性，包括超过危险饮酒者的样本，将完成一项详细的调查。将对风险较高的选定人群进行更深入的研究。具体地说，30名男性和30名女性也报告了危险行为，他们将使用28天的基于事件的前瞻性日记和定性深度访谈进行研究。这项研究的一个独特特点是对多种方法进行三角测量，以检查饮酒和危险行为之间的关系。使用适应文化的措施，该研究调查了与饮酒模式成分相关的特定风险，这些成分被假设为增加危险行为的可能性，如饮酒环境和与酒精相关的问题。在对人际关系进行评估和统计调整的同时，还将对其他变量进行评估和统计调整，如个人特征，如冲动以及对关系和性别的看法，预计这些变量将在美国和印度的早期研究基础上产生影响。这项研究以风险为因变量，测试了一系列易感和气质变量、预期、态度、饮酒模式和问题之间的各种关系的假设。风险分析将为印度艾滋病毒危险行为的流行病学提供信息，并为在资源匮乏的社会规划预防性干预提供丰富的信息来源。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This capacity-building study involves collaborations between an interdisciplinary team of Indian and United States (US) researchers, and it is designed to test hypotheses regarding risk factors for HIV infection in Goa, India. Recent research by our team, that includes ongoing work in India, suggests that heavy drinking significantly increases health risks, including risky relationship behaviors. The study will include detailed assessment of overall alcohol consumption patterns (not only average volume) and their association with risky behaviors known to increase risk for HIV infection (such as having relationships with high-risk partners or violence). An intensive formative measurement-refinement phase will include key informants, focus groups and depth interviews with small samples. Measure selection will be informed by methodological work in the US and India. These efforts will enhance survey and daily diary measures and adapt them for use in Goa to account for local cultural circumstances. Following this, established alcohol screeners validated in India (AUDIT and RAPS4) will be used to select urban and rural community samples of 500 men and 500 women in each of two communities (total N = 2,000). These samples, comprised three-fourths of both women and men current drinkers, including over samples of hazardous drinkers, will complete a detailed survey. A selected population at elevated risk will be studied in more depth. Specifically, 30 men and 30 women heavy drinkers who also report risky behaviors will be studied using 28-day prospective event-based diaries and qualitative depth interviews. A unique feature of the study is the triangulation of multiple methods to examine relationships between drinking and risk behaviors. Using culturally adapted measures, the study investigates specific risks associated with components of the drinking pattern hypothesized to elevate likelihood of risky behaviors, such as drinking contexts and alcohol-related problems. Relationships will be examined while estimating and statistically adjusting for additional variables, like personal characteristics such as impulsivity and notions about relationships and gender, expected to be influential on the basis of earlier research both in the US and in India. The study tests hypotheses about various relationships among a set of predisposing and temperament variables, expectancies, attitudes, and patterns of alcohol consumption and problems, with risks as the dependent variable. Risk analyses will inform the epidemiology of HIV risk behaviors in India and provide a rich source of information for planning preventive interventions in a resource-poor society.