Child Psychopathology and Risk for Drug Use Disorders

描述（由申请人提供）：先前的研究表明，儿童和青少年的精神病理学与药物使用障碍（DUD）相关，而药物使用障碍又与显著的功能障碍和负面健康后果相关。然而，不同类型的精神病理学与家族史和同龄危险因素对DUDs发展的潜在相互作用影响知之甚少。本研究的总体目标是检查从青少年晚期到成年早期的过渡期间DUDs的轨迹是否与儿童期重性抑郁症（MDD）和行为障碍（CD），DUDs家族史，同龄人吸毒和性别相关。这些因素相互之间以及与发育阶段（青春期后期至成年早期）之间的潜在相互作用特别令人感兴趣。这项研究的参与者将从明尼苏达州双胞胎家庭研究的人口样本中抽取，这是一项对双胞胎及其家庭的纵向研究。参与者在17岁时接受全面评估，随后在20岁和24岁时返回研究。本研究的第一个具体目的是检查四个诊断组的参与者-CD，MDD，CD和MDD，以及任何一种疾病-以确定他们是否（以及如何）在青春期后期到成年早期的DUDs的患病率和发展方面存在差异。预计这四个诊断组的DUD模式将有所不同。本研究的第二个目的是研究家族史、同龄人吸毒和性别如何与这些形式的精神病理学相互作用。具体假设包括：（1）DUD家族史与后代的DUD相关;这种影响预计在年龄较大的参与者和儿童期有精神病理学史的参与者中特别明显;（2）一旦考虑DUD家族史和儿童精神病理学，同伴吸毒行为不太可能有助于预测DUD;（3）到24岁时，只有CD或只有MDD（而不是其他疾病）病史的参与者将不再增加持续DUD的风险，除非本研究中还存在另一个风险因素;（4）性别可能会调节这些关系。将使用生存分析、比值比、逻辑回归和分层线性模型对这些假设进行检查;本研究中使用的双胞胎数据的相关性将进行统计学控制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Prior research suggests that psychopathology in children and adolescents is associated with drug use disorders (DUDs), which are in turn associated with significant functional impairment and negative health consequences. However, the potential interacting influences of different types of psychopathology with family history and peer risk factors on the development of DUDs are poorly understood. The overall goal of this study is to examine whether the trajectory of DUDs during the transition from late adolescence to early adulthood is associated with childhood major depression (MDD) and conduct disorder (CD), family history of DUDs, peer drug use, and gender. Potential interactions of these factors with each other and with developmental stage (late adolescence through early adulthood) are of particular interest. Participants for this study will be drawn from the population-based sample of the Minnesota Twin Family Study, a longitudinal study of twins and their families. Participants were comprehensively assessed at age 17 and subsequently returned to the study at ages 20 and 24. The first specific aim of this study is to examine participants in four diagnostic groups--CD, MDD, CD and MDD, and neither disorder--to determine whether (and how) they differ in terms of the prevalence and development of DUDs from late adolescence through early adulthood. It is expected that these four diagnostic groups will differ in their patterns of DUDs. The second aim of this study is to examine how family history, peer drug use, and gender may interact with these forms of psychopathology across time. Specific hypotheses include: (1) family history of DUDs will be associated with DUDs in offspring; this effect is expected to be particularly pronounced at older ages and among participants with a history of psychopathology in childhood; (2) once family history of DUDs and child psychopathology are taken into account, peer drug use behavior is unlikely to aid in the prediction of DUDs; (3) by age 24, participants with a history of only CD or only MDD (and not the other disorder) will no longer be at increased risk for persisting DUDs unless another risk factor included in this study is also present; and (4) gender may moderate some of these relationships. These hypotheses will be examined using survival analyses, odds ratios, logistic regression, and hierarchical linear modeling; the correlated nature of the twin data used in this study will be statistically controlled.