COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN THE ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR RELATION

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：拟议的研究具有 理解态度如何帮助个人的长期目标， 构建和科普他们的社会环境。工作的中心是 态度既发挥其影响力，又有助于简化 精神健康的人的日常生活。一个态度的模型， 他们引导行为的过程，是拟议研究的基础。的 模型侧重于记忆中的态度之间的关联强度 一个人对客体的评价。过去的研究发现， 以确定从记忆中获得态度的可能性 - 这反过来又决定了态度的力量和功能。 合理的态度有助于有效的日常运作， 个人评估对象容易和快速，没有任何需要， 有意识的审议，因此，减轻他们的一些要求， 社会环境的压力。然而，这种态度也可以 提示个人，在某些情况下，以某种方式行事， 与他们有意识的动机相反。四个项目，每个项目涉及一个 一系列的实验，提出了作为各种路线的延续， 过去一直在进行的理论和实证工作。项目我 集中在测试的态度，行为过程的领域模型， 种族主义和偏见。这些实验采用了一种新的方法， 提供了一个有效的，不引人注目的估计自动激活的种族 态度，以及控制动机的个体差异测量 偏见的反应。这些自动化和控制过程的影响 在行为上，在不同的情况下，在不同的程度上，他们提供 审查审议和控制的机会。建议的研究 因为项目II采用了理论模型和方法技术， 阐明了种族态度的一些起源和后果。项目 第三章涉及最近开发的隐性测量之间的关系， 态度和其他两种技术测量态度隐含。最后， 项目四审查了一个基本的联想学习过程， 态度的形成-在以下方面的基础上发展评价协会： 通过与新事物的互动所体验到的结果。的 该项目还关注初始偏见对联想学习的影响 以及在何种条件下可以克服这种最初的态度。 这四个项目将共同阐明 态度，以及态度是如何形成和影响行为，以及如何 它们可以被隐含地测量。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from investigator's abstract): The proposed research has the long-term objective of understanding how attitudes aid individuals to structure and cope with their social environments. The work centers on the processes by which attitudes both exert their influence and serve to simplify daily life for mentally healthy individuals. A model of attitudes, and the processes by which they guide behavior, underlies the proposed research. The model focuses on the strength of the association in memory between the attitude object and one's evaluation of the object. Past research has found the strength of this association to determine the accessibility of the attitude from memory --- which, in turn, determines the power and functionality of the attitude. Accessible attitudes contribute to effective daily functioning by permitting individuals to appraise objects easily and quickly, without any need for conscious deliberation, thus, relieving them from some of the demands and stresses of the social environment. Nevertheless, such attitudes also can prompt individuals, under certain circumstances, to behave in a manner that is contrary to their conscious motives. Four projects, each of which involves a series of experiments, are proposed as a continuation of the various lines of theoretical and empirical work that have been pursed in the past. Project I centers on tests of the model of attitude-behavior processes in the domain of racial attitudes and prejudice. The experiments employ a novel methodology that provides a valid, unobtrusive estimate of automatically-activated racial attitudes, and an individual difference measure of motivation to control prejudiced reactions. The influence of these automatic and controlled processes on behavior, and in situations, that vary in the degree to which they provide an opportunity for deliberation and control is examined. The studies proposed as Project II employ the theoretical model and methodological techniques to illuminate some of the origins and consequences of racial attitudes. Project III involves the relation between the recently developed implicit measure of attitudes and two other techniques for measuring attitudes implicitly. Finally, Project IV examines a fundamental associative learning process involved in attitude formation-the development of evaluative associations on the basis of the outcomes that are experienced through interaction with novel objects. The project also concerns the effect of initial prejudices on associative learning and the conditions under which such initial attitudes might be overcome. Together, the four projects will elucidate the functional benefits and costs of attitudes, as well as how attitudes are formed and influence behavior and how they can be measured implicitly.